Aguaragüe National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area

With its mighty ecological diversity and unique cultural heritage, the Aguaragüe National Park (in Spanish: Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Aguaragüe), formally known as the Aguaragüe National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area (Aguaragüe NP IMNA), located in Bolivia, stands as a protected area that conserves the region’s biodiversity and ecology, perfect for nature and adventure enthusiasts.

Introduction to Aguaragüe National Park

Geographical Location

Situated in the southeastern region of Bolivia, in the Tarija department, Gran Chaco Province, the Aguaragüe National Park covers an extensive expanse of mountains, jungles, and rivers. It is an ideal destination for enthusiasts of geographical diversity and outdoor adventure.

Its boundaries converge with the municipalities of Villamontes, Yacuiba, and Caraparí, immersing into a territory filled with natural and cultural wonders. This strategic location makes it a perfect destination for those eager to explore geographical diversity and delve into outdoor adventure.

The area starts at the 22nd parallel on the border with the Republic of Argentina, extending to the boundary of the Tarija Department with the Chuquisaca Department. It is 10 km wide and 111 km long.

Geographical Coordinates

Located in the reference quadrant between the geographical coordinates 20° 59′ 57.9″ south latitude and 63° 45′ 1.6″ west longitude, to the coordinates 21° 59′ 53.9″ south latitude and 63° 24′ 49.9″ west longitude. These geographical coordinates denote the protected surface area by the Bolivian Government, encompassing mountains, jungles, and rivers, making the park a fitting place for those seeking to marvel at the impressive geographical diversity and immerse themselves in an authentic and meaningful travel experience.

Protected Area

It is estimated at 108,307 hectares, as established in the Creation Decree. However, according to digital GIS (Geographic Information System) records, the area is estimated at 111,077.5 hectares. This extensive area is home to diverse ecosystems and rich biodiversity, turning the park into a sanctuary for the conservation of Bolivian flora and fauna.

Park’s History

Founded on April 20, 2000, with the main objective of protecting and preserving the unique biodiversity and valuable cultural and natural heritage of the region, granting it IUCN Category II (national park) status.

Upon its creation, a total area of 108,307 hectares was allocated, distributed as follows: 458.22 hectares for the actual national park and 624.85 hectares for the Integrated Management Natural Area.

Since its establishment, the Aguaragüe National Park has been a vital space for the conservation of Bolivian flora and fauna, as well as for protecting the valuable ecosystems present in the region. Furthermore, it has significantly contributed to scientific research and understanding of Bolivia’s biodiversity.

Park Objectives

The creation objectives of the Aguaragüe National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area are as follows:

1. Conserve biodiversity: The park was created with the purpose of protecting the rich biodiversity existing in the transitional ecosystems between Mountain Jungles and Chaco Serrano. This area is home to numerous species of flora and fauna, some of which are endemic or endangered. Preserving this biodiversity is essential to maintain ecological balance and ensure the survival of native species in the region.
2. Protect the Aguaragüe mountain range as a regulator of the hydrological regime: The Aguaragüe mountain range plays a vital role as a regulator of the hydrological regime in the region. Being a mountainous zone, it captures and stores water from precipitation, contributing to regulating the flow of rivers and streams that supply water to nearby populations. Protecting this mountain range is fundamental to maintaining the water supply in the Chaco Tarijeño and ensuring the well-being of local communities.
3. Ensure water supply for Villamontes, Yacuiba, and Caraparí: The Aguaragüe National Park is the sole water source for the populations of Villamontes, Yacuiba, and Caraparí. The conservation and protection of this protected area are crucial to ensure continuous and sustainable access to the water resource for these communities. The park plays a key role in the water security of the region and in preserving access to this vital resource for human activities and wildlife.

Park Geography

Physiography

It is part of the Chaco Province and is located within the Subandean physiographic province in Bolivia. The park’s physiography is characterized by diverse topography, primarily composed of mountain ranges and hills. These elevations feature slopes ranging from moderate to steep, granting the park a rugged and picturesque landscape.

Deep valleys can be found within the park, adding to the beauty and uniqueness of the protected area. In the transition towards the Chaco Beniano plain, one can observe the so-called undulating foothills, marking the contact zone between the mountains and the plains.

This combination of mountain ranges, hills, deep valleys, and foothills creates a fascinating geographical diversity in Aguaragüe National Park, which in turn provides diverse habitats for a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. Visitors who venture into this territory encounter an exceptional natural environment and an unforgettable travel experience.

Climate

The region where Aguaragüe Park is located is characterized by moderate temperatures during the summer, with an average annual temperature of approximately 21.5°C during that period. However, in the small valleys of the park, frost is common during the winter. This is due to the slow descent of cold air on the slopes that border these valleys, leading to colder conditions in those areas.

Regarding precipitation, it varies significantly in different areas of the park. In the higher sectors, around 1700 mm of rainfall is recorded each year, contributing to the presence of dense jungles and forests in these areas. On the other hand, in the lower sectors of the park, precipitation decreases to around 800 mm annually, resulting in drier landscapes adapted to more arid climatic conditions.

This variation in temperatures and precipitation across the park creates a wide diversity of microclimates and ecosystems, further enriching the area’s biodiversity. Visitors can experience different landscapes and natural environments while exploring this beautiful Bolivian site.

Hydrography

It is part of the La Plata River Basin, an important hydrographic basin in South America. Within this basin, the park encompasses several sub-basins of significant rivers, such as the Carapari, Zanja Honda, and Quebrada del Gritado rivers, as well as the lower basin of the Pilcomayo River.

The Aguaragüe Mountain Range, present in the park, plays a vital role in the region’s hydrography, as it is one of the main water supply sources for nearby cities. Particularly, this mountain range provides water to the towns of Yacuiba, Villamontes, and Carapari. Preserving these water resources is essential, as it guarantees the water supply for local communities and for the conservation of biodiversity within the park.

Biodiversity

Ecoregions

It is located in the Gran Chaco, a region characterized by its Lowland Dry Deciduous Forest ecoregion. This ecoregion hosts vegetation typical of the Chacoan Cerrado, with dry forests that shed their leaves during certain seasons and columnar succulents that adapt to drought conditions. Soils in this ecoregion are of the red type, well-drained, and in some places, rocky outcrops can be found.

Within the Gran Chaco, Aguaragüe National Park also encompasses part of the ecoregion known as the Bolivian Tucuman Forest, characterized by lusher vegetation and greater biological diversity due to the influence of wetter and more mountainous conditions.

Within the park, the sub-ecoregion of Chaco Serrano is found, characterized by its mountainous topography and geological diversity, adding even more richness to the natural heritage of the protected area.

These ecoregions contribute to the vast diversity of habitats and wildlife in the area, providing a suitable environment for the conservation of numerous species and offering visitors a unique experience amid astonishing landscapes.

Flora

The flora of Aguaragüe National Park is extremely diverse and presents a rich combination of species typical of the Chacoan biogeographic province. Among the notable species are:

1. Horco quebracho (Schinopsis haenkeana): This tree is one of the symbols of the Chaco and is known for its hard and resistant wood.
2. Quebracho colorado (Aspidosperma quebracho colorado) and quebracho blanco (Aspidosperma quebracho blanco): These tree species are also emblematic of the region and are characterized by their valuable wood.
3. Urundel (Astronium urundeuva): Another important tree in the park’s flora, traditionally used for various purposes.
4. Roble (Amburana cearensis): A tree of valuable wood and significant ecological importance.
5. Cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina): A tree known for its attractive flowers and wood used for various purposes.
6. Toborochi (Chorisia insignis): An impressive tree with striking flowers and a spiny trunk.

It’s also possible to see various species of Prosopis and cacti, such as Opuntia spp., Cereus spp., and Pereskia spp., growing in the protected area. These cacti are notable adaptations to the dry Chaco environment and contribute to the uniqueness of the park’s landscape.

The diversity of flora in Aguaragüe National Park holds significant ecological and cultural value, as many of these species are essential for wildlife and have traditional uses by local communities. Preserving and conserving these species is essential to maintain the biological and cultural richness of this protected area.

Fauna

Due to its location, the Yungas province, bordering the Chaco province, exhibits a notable influence of Chacoan elements. Among the species of fauna recorded in the park, the following stand out:

1. Mammals: Various mammal species can be found, such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), tapir (Tapirus terrestris), anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), and several species of monkeys and rodents.
2. Birds: The birdlife is rich and diverse, including species like the crowned eagle (Harpyhaliaetus coronatus), Tucuman parrot (Amazona tucumana), red-capped cardinal (Paroaria coronata), surucua trogon (Trogon surrucura), and a variety of raptors and aquatic birds.
3. Reptiles and Amphibians: The park hosts diverse species of reptiles and amphibians, including snakes, lizards, toads, and frogs, which find their home in the park’s various habitats.
4. Invertebrates: A wide variety of insects and other invertebrates can also be found, playing essential roles in the park’s ecosystems.

The presence of this rich diversity of fauna in Aguaragüe National Park is a testament to the importance of this protected area for biodiversity conservation in Bolivia. The coexistence of elements from the Chaco province and the influence of the Yungas province further enrich the variety of species present, making the park a place of great interest for nature enthusiasts and wildlife observation.

Key Attractions, Activities, and Places to Visit

From stunning waterfalls to panoramic viewpoints, Aguaragüe has a lot to offer. Some of the standout attractions include the Bat Cave, the Mirador de las Nubes (Clouds Viewpoint), and the Bermejo River.

Trails of Ancient Horse Trails

The park’s trails follow the traces of ancient horse trails used by local communities and travelers in times past. These trails allow visitors to explore the park’s natural beauty while immersing themselves in its rich history and cultural heritage.

Cuesta Sanandita

This is a prominent landscape attraction, a steep and picturesque slope that offers breathtaking panoramic views of the park and its surroundings. It’s an ideal spot to observe the majesty of the region’s mountain landscapes.

Angosto del Río Pilcomayo

Aguaragüe National Park encompasses a portion of the Pilcomayo River, and one of the highlights is the Angosto del Río, where the waters wind through narrow rocky walls. It’s a beautiful spot to enjoy nature and admire the river’s erosion shaping the landscape.

Jungle, Transition Forests, and Mountain Forest

The diversity of ecosystems in the park provides the opportunity to explore a wide variety of habitats. From dense jungles to transition forests and mountain forests, visitors can discover a broad range of flora and fauna in each area.

Chaco Plains

In contrast to the mountainous landscapes, the Chaco plains are another attraction that characterizes this region. It’s a vast flat territory with typical Chaco vegetation, where species adapted to this unique environment can be spotted.

The variety of tourist attractions in Aguaragüe National Park ensures an enriching experience for travelers seeking to explore pristine landscapes, discover unique species, and immerse themselves in ancient local traditions. Every corner of the park offers an opportunity to connect with nature and enjoy the beauty and diversity of this wonderful destination in the heart of Bolivia.

Viewpoints and Panoramic Views

The viewpoints in Aguaragüe offer spectacular views of the park’s geographic diversity. The Mirador de las Nubes (Clouds Viewpoint), for instance, provides an unparalleled panoramic view of the vast jungle and surrounding mountains.

Wildlife and Flora Watching

For nature enthusiasts, the park is an ideal place for wildlife and flora watching, where unique species can be observed in their natural habitats.

Other Recreational Activities Available

In addition to hiking and observing wildlife and flora, the park offers a variety of recreational activities, such as rafting, mountain biking, and camping, making Aguaragüe a versatile destination for outdoor adventure enthusiasts.

Conservation and Park Management

Conservation and Protection Measures

Aguaragüe National Park implements a series of measures to conserve its biodiversity and protect its cultural heritage. These efforts are essential to ensure the preservation of this vital ecosystem for future generations.

The Role of Local Communities and Environmental Education

Local communities play a crucial role in the park’s conservation, and environmental education programs are fundamental in promoting awareness and respect for nature.

Practical Information for Visitors

Getting There and Getting Around the Park

Access to Aguaragüe is possible through various routes. Within the park, visitors can move around on foot, by bicycle, or in authorized vehicles.

To get to Aguaragüe National Park, there are different access routes from nearby towns. Two main roads traverse the park:

1. From the north, you can access from the towns of Entre Ríos and Palos Blancos, following the road that will take you to Villamontes.
2. From the south, the road connects the towns of Yacuiba, Caraparí, and Palos Blancos. From Caraparí and Yacuiba, there is a short stretch that allows you to enter the protected area towards the Sanandita zone.

Once in the protected area, from the Sanandita campsite, you can venture into the park by following a trail that crosses the area, giving you the opportunity to experience up close the natural beauty and geographic diversity that Aguaragüe National Park has to offer. Always remember to respect the park’s rules to preserve its beauty and protect its important natural and cultural heritage.

The most important city from which you can access Aguaragüe National Park is Tarija. From there, there are buses that transport to Yacuiba and Villa Montes. The following table provides information about transport routes from Tarija to Yacuiba and Villa Montes, including departure location, departure times, operating days, and prices:

Route	Departure Location	Departure Times	Days	Price
Tarija – Entre Ríos – Palos Blancos – Caraparí – Yacuiba	Bus Terminal	09:00 AM, 07:00 PM, 07:30 PM	Every day	45 Bs
Tarija – Entre Ríos – Palos Blancos – Villa Montes	Bus Terminal	10:00 AM, 06:00 PM, 07:00 PM	Every day	50 Bs

For those who prefer air transportation, there is an airstrip in Villa Montes for the landing of small aircraft, providing another option for accessing Aguaragüe National Park.

It’s important to note that schedules and prices are subject to change, so it’s recommended to verify updated information before planning your trip. The city of Tarija is the main gateway to the park and offers various transportation options to reach both Yacuiba and Villa Montes, allowing visitors to enjoy their visit.

Regulations and Best Practices for Visitors

To ensure the conservation of the park, visitors should adhere to a set of regulations and recommended practices. These include following marked trails, not leaving trash behind, and avoiding interaction with wildlife.

Services and Accommodations Available

The park offers basic services for visitors, including accommodations and camping areas. Visitors are recommended to plan ahead and book accommodations due to the park’s popularity.

Accommodations in Villa Montes	Address	Phone
Hotel Rancho Olivo	Av. Méndez Arcos (Barrio Ferroviario)	4-6722059 / 4-6722140
Residencial Paul	Av. Ingavi between Méndez Arcos and Subtte. Barrau (Central)	4-6724617
Hotel Raldes	Calle Capitán Manchego No. 171	4-6722088 / 4-6722545

Accommodations in Yacuiba	Address	Phone
Hotel Valentín	Av. San Martín No. 3271	4-6822645 / 4-6822646
Los Olivos Hotel	Calle Sucre 243	4-6823258 / 4-6823266
Hotel París	Calle Comercio esq. Campero	4-6822182
Las Vegas Hotel	Av. San Martin frente a la FELCC	4-6827658 / 4-6827663
Hostal Bolivia	Calle Comercio No. 1040	–

The Parque Nacional Aguaragüe in Bolivian Culture

Local Legends and Myths

Oral traditions and stories are an integral part of local culture. Aguaragüe has a rich tradition of myths and legends that add a fascinating mystery to the park visit.

Cultural Significance and Heritage

The park holds deep significance for local communities and is part of their cultural heritage. The protection of these cultural values is an essential part of park management.

Scientific Research and Projects in the Park

Notable Studies and Research

Several studies and scientific research are conducted in Aguaragüe, focusing on its unique biodiversity and ecosystem. These studies provide valuable insights for global conservation and biodiversity understanding.

Contribution to Scientific Knowledge and Global Conservation

Discoveries made in Parque Nacional Aguaragüe have significantly contributed to the field of conservation and general scientific knowledge, reaffirming the park’s value in the global conservation landscape.

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