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Located in the heart of the state of Ceará, Brazil, lies an oasis of natural beauty and surprising biodiversity: the Ubajara National Park. From its exuberant flora and fauna to the traditions of local communities and spectacular tourist attractions, this park offers an unmatched mix of adventure, culture and environmental education. Enter this impressive paradise and discover why Ubajara is a must-see destination for any nature lover.
Ubajara National Park Data
Geographical location
Located in the Ibiapaba mountain range, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, the Ubajara National Park extends through the municipalities of Ubajara, Tianguá and Frecheirinha. Its area covers a total of 6,299.00 hectares, and its perimeter reaches 63,604.263 meters.
The park is geographically located at the following coordinates: 3°45′59″S latitude and 40°53′53″W longitude.
History of the Ubajara National Park
In the legal background of Ubajara National Park, a pivotal moment occurred in the late 1950s, when Dr. David Azambuja, who was the director of the Forest Service of the Ministry of Agriculture at the time, visited the Ubajara Grotto. During his visit, he was impressed by the richness of the speleological heritage and biodiversity of the area, as well as the scenic beauty of the place.
Excited by what he had witnessed, Dr. David Azambuja promised to use all his efforts, along with the support of his superiors, to create a national park in Ubajara. His objective was to guarantee the integrity and evolution process of the geological formations present in the region.
Fulfilling his commitment, the President of the Republic at that time, Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, signed the decree creating the Ubajara National Park on April 30, 1959. Thanks to this important legal step, the protection and conservation was officially established. of this impressive place, ensuring that its natural and scenic treasures were preserved for future generations.
Its administration is in charge of the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), which is dedicated to protecting and conserving the natural wealth and biodiversity that this incredible environment offers.
In the rich cultural history of Ubajara, the famous Ubajara Grotto stands out, known since the 18th century, when Portuguese explorers toured the region in search of minerals, especially silver, although without success in their attempts.
Meaning of the name "Ubajara"
The name "Ubajara" has indigenous roots and has been translated in various ways, with "Lord of the Canoe" being one of the most common interpretations. A legend is told about a chief who arrived from the coast and lived in the cave for many years, which could have given rise to this name.
Another possible translation of the name is "Lord of the Arrows", suggesting the richness of interpretations and meanings that are intertwined with the history of the place. Some maintain that the Ubajara grotto arose from excavations in search of silver, which adds even more mystery and charm to its origin.
Over time, the essence of the National Park has always been linked to the presence of the Ubajara Grotto, inspiring passionate chronicles and stories from local personalities who have found this impressive place a source of wonder and admiration.
Geography
Physiography
The Ubajara National Park is located in the Ibiapaba mountain range, a mountainous region that provides a unique and fascinating landscape. This elevation contributes to the diversity of habitats and species that can be found here.
Hydrography
The park is washed by several rivers and streams, creating an aquatic environment that supports a variety of ecosystems. The most notable feature is the presence of impressive waterfalls.
Relief
The relief of the park is formed by a diversity of rocks, which gives rise to unique morphological landscapes. A notable feature is the Ibiapaba "slope", an impressive geological formation that extends along the state borders, attracting the attention of visitors for its uniqueness and continuity in the escarpment.
Climate
Ubajara enjoys a tropical climate with moderate temperatures throughout the year, thanks to its elevation. Rainfall is most frequent between February and April, creating a lush, green landscape. It is divided into two different types of climate throughout the year. From January to June, a humid and relatively cold climate prevails, while from July to December, a dry and hot climate is experienced. During the wet season, temperatures range between 20 and 22 °C in the Ibiapaba mountain range, while in the peripheral depression, temperatures are around 24 to 26 °C.
Biodiversity of the Ubajara National Park
Flora
It houses a wide variety of vegetation. The caatinga predominates, a characteristic ecosystem of the region, composed mainly of thorny trees and shrubs that lose their leaves during the dry season, as well as thorny and herbaceous succulent plants that bloom after the rains. In addition to the caatinga, there are also the Atlantic Forest, the Amazon Sub-deciduous Forest and the Cerrado, each with its own diversity of species.
Fauna
The fauna in the park shows a modest diversity typical of the region. A faunal study has been carried out focused on collecting bats in the grotto. Among the animals that live in the area, the "mocó" (kerodon rupestris) stands out, a rodent that takes refuge in rocks and cliffs and is hunted by the local population to obtain food. In addition, it is possible to see other species such as the "hard-headed capuchin" (Cebus apella), the myco-estrela, the honeyeater or anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla), the ñeque (Dasyprocta), a genus of rodents, and more than 120 species of birds. Although diversity is modest, visitors can enjoy observing these species in their natural habitat.
Tourist Attractions and Activities
The park offers a great diversity of outdoor activities, with several tourist attractions available during visits. Remember that it is necessary to take these tours accompanied by guides authorized by the Ubajara National Park to guarantee a safe and respectful experience with the natural environment.
City of Ubajara
Ubajara is a charming town that offers a variety of attractions, from its historic architecture to its vibrant local market. It is the ideal starting point to explore the park.
Ubajara Grotto
This impressive cave is one of the main attractions of the park. Visitors can explore its stalactite and stalagmite formations through a guided tour.
Park Viewpoint
The park’s viewpoint offers spectacular views of the Ibiapaba mountain range and the surrounding forests. It is the perfect place for a souvenir photo.
Rio das Minas Natural Pools
Located in the depression of the sertaneja of the Conservation Unit, this place offers natural pools formed by the waters that flow from several waterfalls in the Park. Adequate studies and structures are needed to ensure safe and enjoyable bathing. Visitors should be careful during the rainy season to avoid floods and heads of water.
Ubajara National Park Cable Car
For a unique experience, visitors can take the cable car that descends into the park. The ride offers panoramic views of the region.
Visitor Center
At the Visitor Center, tourists can immerse themselves in the history of the creation of Ubajara National Park and explore the rich cultural heritage of the region. Here, interesting archaeological and speleological records are exhibited, such as the replica of the Fossil Bear skull and the 3D model of the Ubajara Cave. In addition, you can see entomological boxes that exhibit the local fauna and photographs of the herpetofauna of the area. Next to Casa da Árvore, the little ones can enjoy a play area specially designed for them.
Hiking Routes and Viewpoints
The park offers several hiking trails that allow visitors to explore the natural beauty of Ubajara at their own pace. These routes vary in length and difficulty, suitable for all fitness levels.
Gate of Mist
The Puerta de la Niebla trail begins at the main entrance of the Park (Portão Neblina) and runs parallel to the paved road that gives access to the internal parking lot. Now, this trail is also accessible to people with reduced mobility, giving everyone the opportunity to enjoy nature in its splendor.
Samambaia Trail – Divided into two routes:
Gameleira Viewpoint
This section of the Samambaia trail has an extension of approximately 1,250 meters and leads visitors to the Gameleira Viewpoint. From here, you can enjoy a stunning view of the Cachoeira do Cafundó Waterfall and much of the Park area. During the tour, walkers can admire the diversity of the humid jungle, also known as Jardim das Samambaias.
Cafundó Waterfall
Cafundó Waterfall is the most visited waterfall in the Park and is part of the Circuito das Cachoeiras trail. Approximately 3 km one way, this section of the Samambaia trail takes visitors to the impressive waterfall almost 90 meters high. Here, visitors can cool off with a swim in the existing natural pool in the waterfall visiting area.
Gavião Circuit Trail
This trail leads to the famous Gavião Waterfall, which has a lush drop of almost 100 meters. The tour offers a unique scenic view of the surrounding landscape, with rapids flowing from the external sources into the interior of the Ubajara National Park.
Ubajara/Araticum Trail
This approximately 5 km trail shows an interesting transition from the humid forest to the caatinga. Due to its rocky and steep terrain, it is recommended that only people with good mobility travel it.
Guide for the visitor
How to get there
To get to Ubajara from Fortaleza, you have two main options:
- The first option is to take the BR-222 to the municipality of Tianguá, which is at a distance of 320 km. Then, continue along the CE-187 road, known as Rodovia da Confiança, which is paved and will take you to the city of Ubajara, about 15 km away. From there, you can also follow the cable car road, which is also paved and extends for 2 km.
- Another alternative from Fortaleza is to take the BR-020 to the city of Canindé, which is about 110 km away. Then, continue along the CE-257 state highway for about 106 km until you reach Santa Quitéria. Afterwards, continue along the CE-463 passing through Varjota and Reriutaba. Finally, in Guaraciaba do Norte, take the CE-187 that will take you through São Benedito, Ibiapina and finally to Ubajara, in a journey of approximately 140 km.
If you come from Teresina, in the state of Piauí, you must take the BR-343 to the city of Piripiri. From there, continue along BR-222 until you reach Tianguá, in the state of Ceará. Finally, continue along the CE-187 road, Rodovia da Confiança, which is paved, and you will reach Ubajara after traveling about 15 km.
Best time to visit
To enjoy a quieter experience and avoid the crowds, the best time to visit the Ubajara National Park is from February to June, excluding the Carnival and Easter holidays, which usually have a very intense flow of visitors, with an average of 1,500 visitors per day.
The period from August to November is also a good option for those looking for a more relaxed atmosphere in the park. During these months, visits are less crowded, allowing you to enjoy the natural beauty and attractions of the place with greater peace of mind.
Ubajara is located in the Serra da Ibiapaba, on the eastern side, and its geographical location influences its distinctive climate. The area experiences two well-defined climatic periods: a rainy and relatively cooler period that occurs from January to June, with an average annual temperature of 24°C to 26°C, and another practically rainless period that extends from July to December.
It is important to keep in mind that approximately 94% of precipitation is concentrated between January and July. During this time, relief rains are common in the region, contributing to the park’s lush, green landscape. Therefore, those looking to enjoy nature in all its splendor can choose to visit the park during the rainiest months.
Accommodations near Park: Hotels and Inns in Ubajara
| Name | ADDRESS | Contact Telephone |
|---|---|---|
| Neblina Park Hotel | Avenida Governador César Calls de Oliveira Filho, s/n, Sitio Amazonas. | (88)3634-1270 / (88)9.9699-1324 |
| Cave Inn | Avenida Governador César Calls de Oliveira Filho, nº 2045 – Next to the Ubajara National Park. | (88)3634-1375 / (88)9.9806-0333 |
| Marina Camping Hotel | CE-187 Highway, Rural Area between the cities of Ubajara and Ibiapina. | (88)9.9371-2767 / (88)3634-1364 |
| Pousada vida | Rua Valdemar Aristides dos Santos ll, nº 200 – Centro, Bairro Grijalva Ferreira da Costa. | (88)9.9453-8187 |
| Senhor da Canoa Inn | José Agapito Pereira Street, nº 149, Centro. | (88)9.9917-2020 / (88)9.9219-2828 |
| Pousada Sitio do Alemão | Sitio Santana, s/n, Rural Area. | (88)9.9961-4645 |
| Zero Worry Hostel | Avenida Governador César Calls de Oliveira Filho, Bairro Monte Castelo. | (88)9.9933-0942 |
| Pousada Ubajara | Avenida Gobernador César Calls, nº 190. | (88)9.9960-5010 / (88)9.9658-8500 |
| mountain house | Monsenhor Gonçalo Eufrásio Avenue, s/n, Rural Area. | (88)9.9220-2129 |
| village serra hotel | Rua Valdemar Aristides dos Santos, nº 02 – Center. | (88)9.9655-6175 |
| JK Inn and Museum Site | Summary Site, Rural Area, road that connects Ubajara, Boi Morto. | (88)9.9726-5114 / (88)9.99961-5934 |
| Miraserra Inn | José Rufino Pereira Street, nº 129. | (88)9.9740-0245 |
| Hotel Fazenda Engenho Velho | Headquarters Site, s/n, Rural Area. | (88)9.9687-6400 |
| Aconchega da Serra Inn | Genipapo Site, Rural Area. | (88)9.9996-3666 / (88)9.9928-2179 |
| Diamond Inn | Rua 13 de Maio, nº 925, Center, behind the Indoor Gym. | (88)9.9231-7730 / (88)9.9909-8708 |
| Pousada Serrana | Rua Prudêncio Furtado, nº 425, Centro, near Praça do Relógio. | (88)9.9349-8885 / (88)9.99710-7573 |
| Posada Sitio Costa Verde | Cesario Cunha, no. 500. | (85)9.8898-1111 / (85)9.9982-1845 |
| Kanoê Site | BR-222, Jaburuna. | (88)9.9656-6919 |
Restaurants in Ubajara
| Name | ADDRESS | Contact Telephone |
|---|---|---|
| María Bonita Restaurant | AV. César Calls, s/n, via Cable Car. | (88)9.9929-0179 |
| Nevoar Restaurant | AV. Monsignor Gonçalo Eufrásio, nº 171, Center. | (88)9.9946-4947 |
| La Sierra (Cafeteria and Bugger) | AV. of the Constituents. | (88)9.9952-1710 |
| charming pizzeria | AV. Monsignor Gonçalo Eufrásio. | (88)9.9208-1753 |
| Wild Restaurant | R. Valdemar Aristides dos Santos ll, no. 04. | (85)9.9824-8589 |
| O Tatá Restaurant and Snacks | AV. Monsignor Gonçalo Eufrásio, no. 15. | (88)9.9696-6868 |
| Select Acai | AV. Monsignor Gonçalo Eufrásio, nº 107, Center. | (88)9.9431-1645 |
| Bragatelli Restaurant | AV. governor César Cals, no. 2045. | (88)9.9667-1712 |
| Sitio Dudé Steakhouse | CE-187, between Ubajara and Ibiapina. | (88)9.9917-2020 / (88)9.9219-2828 |
| Restro Reserve | AV. two Constituents, No. 157, Center. | (88)9.9492-5875 |