Archipiélago Juan Fernández National Park

In the waters of the Pacific Ocean in South America, 670 kilometers off the coast of Chile, lies an earthly paradise full of natural wonders and unique biodiversity: the Juan Fernandez Archipelago National Park. That government-protected area of the country offers an unrivaled tourist experience, where visitors can immerse themselves in pristine landscapes, endemic flora and fauna, and a rich maritime history.

Facts about the Juan Fernandez Archipelago National Park

Geographic Location

Located in the Sporadic Islands, at a distance of 667 kilometers from the mainland coast of Chile, the Juan Fernández Archipelago National Park is accessible by air and sea. Flights and cruises are organized regularly from Valparaiso and Santiago. It can be geographically located by the coordinates: 33°38′29″S 78°50′28″W.

History and National Park Designation

Designated as a National Park on January 16, 1935, the Juan Fernandez Archipelago National Park has an area of 9,571 hectares, almost 100 km², including Santa Clara Island, Alejandro Selkirk Island and much of Robinson Crusoe Island. These islands make up the archipelago full of nature and unparalleled biodiversity that attracts visitors from all over the world.

Unesco Biosphere Reserve

In 1977 the National Park was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, giving it greater importance at the international level to promote the protection of the Chilean coast of the Pacific Ocean.

The Juan Fernández Archipelago Biosphere Reserve is an impressive protected territory that covers a total area of 1,216,483.43 hectares. Of this area, 9,967.15 hectares are terrestrial and 1,206,516 hectares are marine, highlighting the importance of conservation both on land and in the marine environment.

In this reserve, specific areas with different levels of protection and use have been identified:

• Core areas: comprise a total of 117,613.01 hectares, of which 9,560.20 hectares are terrestrial and 108,145 hectares are marine. These areas are considered the most protected areas and are intended for the preservation of unique ecosystems and endemic species.
• Buffer Zones: with an area of 4,722.85 hectares, of which 112.89 hectares are terrestrial and 4,620.31 hectares are marine, these areas act as a buffer strip around the core areas, helping to mitigate external impacts on ecosystems and wildlife.
• Transition Zones: These extensive areas cover 1,094,147.59 hectares, of which 294.06 hectares are terrestrial and 1,093,750.99 hectares are marine. These are areas in which a greater degree of human use and sustainable activities are allowed, seeking a balance between conservation and sustainable development.

The location of this biosphere reserve is at coordinates 33°43’25.64 S and 79°45’46.26 W, a privileged territory in the Pacific Ocean, fundamental for the conservation of wildlife and the natural heritage of Chile.

Subsoil Protection

It enjoys special protection for its subsoil, which makes it a site of scientific interest for mining purposes, as established by article 17 of the Mining Code. This measure seeks to safeguard the valuable resources of the subsoil from uncontrolled mining exploitation and ensure the preservation of this natural treasure.

To carry out mining activities in the park, a special permit granted by the President of the Republic is required, which must be endorsed by the Minister of Mining. This restriction is essential to maintain the integrity of this island ecosystem and to ensure that subsoil resources are treated with the necessary respect and sensitivity.

The declaration of the Juan Fernández Archipelago National Park as a site of scientific interest for mining purposes was made official by Supreme Decree No. 133 of August 29, 1989, which established the protection polygon. This decision is a sign of the country’s commitment to the conservation of this wonderful protected area and its natural wealth both on the surface and in the subsoil.

Geography and Geology

Formation of the Archipelago

The archipelago was formed by volcanic activity and consists of three main islands. The unique geology has created jaw-dropping landscapes that are a delight for explorers and geologists alike.

Main Islands

The archipelago consists of three main islands: Robinson Crusoe, Alejandro Selkirk, and Santa Clara. Each offers unique landscapes and opportunities to explore both local culture and pristine nature.

Robinson Crusoe

One of the three main islands of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago National Park, Robinson Crusoe is an island paradise with breathtaking landscapes and an area of 47.94 km². This island is named after the famous literary character, inspired by the true story of the castaway Alexander Selkirk. At Robinson Crusoe, visitors can immerse themselves in pristine nature and explore its unique geological features, such as rugged cliffs and impressive rock formations. In addition, the island is home to a rich biodiversity, including endemic species that are a wonder for nature lovers.

Alexander Selkirk

Alejandro Selkirk Island, also known as Isla Más Afuera, has an area of 49.52 km², being another of the islands of the archipelago. This island is named after the famous Scottish castaway, whose story inspired the novel "Robinson Crusoe". With its natural beauty and picturesque landscapes, Alejandro Selkirk has the highest point in the archipelago, Los Inocentes at 1,650 meters. It offers unique opportunities for hiking and wildlife viewing. Botany lovers will also enjoy exploring the diversity of endemic species found only on this island.

Santa Clara

The third main island of the archipelago is Santa Clara, smaller but no less important. At 2.21 km², this Pacific Ocean islet is small but impressive, offering a peaceful and relaxing experience for visitors. With its white sand beaches and crystal clear waters, Santa Clara is ideal for maritime activities such as scuba diving and snorkeling. In addition, tourists can explore its unique biodiversity and enjoy the wonders of nature in a serene and pristine setting.

Geological Features

Formed by volcanic activity, the archipelago features a variety of intriguing geological features, such as steep cliffs, sea caverns, and unique rock formations. These features make the landscape especially interesting for geologists and nature lovers.

Climate

The climate is maritime, which means that it is strongly influenced by the proximity of the ocean. This translates into high ambient humidity, with an average relative humidity of 76.5%.

Average annual temperatures are 15.4°C. During the warmer months, summers, higher temperatures can be reached, while in winter, temperatures are milder.

The average annual rainfall is 1,181.2 mm. Rainfall is most abundant during the colder months, between October and February, while it decreases in the warmer months.

Biodiversity in the Juan Fernández Archipelago

Flora

It is home to an island ecosystem of great value, with an impressive diversity of endemic plant species. Of the 131 plant species present in this paradise, no less than 62% are endemic, which means that they are only found in this place and nowhere else in the world. Among the botanical jewels of the archipelago, we find species such as Lactoris fernandeziana and Thursopteris elegans, which are remnants of the past that have been maintained on these islands for centuries. In addition, ten species are also unique to this unique environment, namely: Cuminia, Dendroseris, Juania, Lactoris, Megalachne, Podophorus, Robinsonia, Selkirkia, Thyrsopteris and Anvil.

Another fascinating peculiarity of the forests of the Juan Fernández Archipelago is that 100% of the tree species that make them up are endemic, which means that they are found nowhere else in the world. This further enhances the importance of conserving this very special ecosystem.

Fauna

It is home to iconic species such as the Juan Fernandez Firecrown (Sephanoides fernandensis), Juan Fernandez Tit-Tyrant (Anairetes fernandezianus) and the Juan Fernandez Fur Seal (Arctocephalus philippi). These animal species, as well as the flora, are also unique to the archipelago, further highlighting the uniqueness and value of this island paradise. The presence of these endemic species in the park is one more reason to value and protect this unique natural heritage.

Marine Birds and Mammals

Bird and marine mammal watching is a popular activity in the archipelago. The surrounding waters are rich in dolphins, whales, and other impressive marine life.

Socio-economic characteristics

In the vicinity of the reserve, but outside the protected area of the national park, socio-economic activities such as ecotourism, heritage tourism, artisanal fishing, commerce and municipal public services are developed. These activities contribute to the local development and maintenance of the area, without directly interfering with the reserve. Collaboration and a focus on sustainable practices are key to preserving this unique environment. With a population of inhabitants dated to the year 2017.

Main Trails

Poblado-Plazoleta El Yunque

A 2.5 km route that will take you approximately 1.5 hours. Enjoy a hike through breathtaking landscapes until you reach the charming Plazoleta El Yunque.

Picaflor Circuit

A 1.3 km route that you can complete in 1 hour. A short trail that will allow you to admire the beauty of nature and possibly spot the colorful Picaflor.

Poblado-Puerto Francés

A longer hike of 11.4 km that will take you around 7 hours, but it will be worth it for the spectacular views and total immersion in the nature of the park.

French Port-Lower La Piña

Cover 2.2 km in approximately 1.5 hours and enjoy unique scenery as you make your way to Rebaje La Piña.

French Port-Easter

A 5.1 km route that will take you around 3.5 hours. Get ready to feast on the abundant flora and fauna along the way.

Selkirk Town-Lookout-Island Point

A challenging 18.5km hike that will require about 12 hours, but you’ll be rewarded with unforgettable panoramic views.

Villagra-Plan del Yunque

Cover 3.6 km in approximately 2.5 hours and discover the charms of the trail until you reach Plan del Yunque.

Villagra-Ramplones

Hike 4.1 km in around 3 hours, taking in the natural beauty along the way to Ramplones.

Vaquería-Cordón Villa Alemana

A 2.5 km route that will take you approximately 1.5 hours. Experience the serenity of the landscape as you make your way towards Cordón Villa Alemana.

Puerto Inglés-Cerro Alto

A 3.5 km hike that will take you around 2.5 hours. Get ready to take in breathtaking views from Cerro Alto.

Puerto Inglés-Vaquería

Cover 5 km in approximately 3.5 hours and enjoy a rewarding drive to Vaqueria.

Aerodrome-The Four Hundred

A short 2.7 km ride that you can complete in about 1 hour. Ideal for those who want a short but rewarding hike.

A short journey of 816 meters that will take you about 40 minutes. Perfect for a quick walk and enjoying the surroundings.

<Aerodrome-Bahía El Padre

Cover 1.3 km in about 30 minutes and enjoy a leisurely stroll to beautiful El Padre Bay.

Hiking & Hiking Routes

Hiking trails vary in difficulty and offer breathtaking panoramic views. The experience of walking through these unique landscapes is simply unforgettable.

Diving & Snorkeling

The crystal clear waters are ideal for diving and snorkeling. The rich marine life and coral reefs offer an exceptional underwater experience.

Wildlife Observation

From bird watching to marine mammal spotting, the archipelago offers unique opportunities to connect with nature and observe wildlife in their natural habitat.

Local Culture & History

The local culture and maritime history of the archipelago enrich the visitor’s experience. Local museums and traditions offer a window into the life and history of the island.

Guide to visits

Best time to visit

This maritime climate creates a pleasant year-round environment for exploration and enjoyment of nature, although it’s important to be prepared for occasional rains, especially if you’re planning outdoor activities during the rainy months.

How to get there

Airplane

If you want to get to Robinson Crusoe Island from the mainland, the most convenient option is air travel. Three airlines operate this route during the high season, departing from Santiago, on a flight of approximately 2 hours. Once on the island, from the airfield located to the west, travelers are transferred by sea to the picturesque town of San Juan Bautista, in a boat trip that lasts about 1 hour.

The airlines operating on this itinerary are as follows:

Aerocardal Ltda.

• Arturo Merino Benítez Airport
• Contact: [email protected]
• Phone: +56 2237 77400
• Website: www.aerocardal.com

Aerolassa

• Tobalaba Eulogio Sanchez Aerodrome
• Contact: [email protected]
• Phone: +569 6587 0024
• Website: www.aerolassa.cl

ATA Airlines

• Santiago FBO
• Contact: [email protected]
• Phone: +562 2601 0122
• Website: www.aerolineasata.cl

By boat, arrive by sea

If you prefer a more leisurely experience and enjoy the sea crossing, you can reach Robinson Crusoe Island by sea. The duration of the crossing varies between 48 and 72 hours, depending on the type of boat and weather conditions. During the trip on the high seas, you will have the opportunity to observe birds and cetaceans, which will enrich your experience.

Sea transfers include breakfast, lunch, and dinner services for added comfort during the trip.

It is important to note that due to weather conditions, there may be delays in setting sail, so it is recommended to book in advance and consider an extra window of time for your planning.

Below, we present the boats that perform this service:

Transmarko

Port of Valparaiso

Contact: [email protected]

Phone: +56 2255050

Website: www.transmarko.cl

Vegsivir Sailing

Nautical Brotherhood of the Pacific, Algarrobo

Contact: [email protected]

Phone: +569 81312920

These maritime travel options will allow you to enjoy an approach by sea to the Juan Fernández Archipelago and appreciate the beauty of the ocean and the nature of the region before starting the visit.

Accommodation

There are accommodation options for all budgets, from luxurious hotels to cozy cabins. The local cuisine, with fresh seafood, is a culinary delight.

Typical Gastronomy of the Archipelago

The local gastronomy in the Juan Fernández Archipelago is a true delight for lovers of marine flavors. The typical dishes stand out for the freshness of the seafood and seafood. Some of the dishes you can’t miss are:

1. Juan Fernandez’s lobster: considered a delicacy, the local lobster is one of the most emblematic and tasty dishes you can try on the island.
2. Grilled Fish: With the wide variety of fresh fish available, enjoying a grilled fish is a must-do culinary experience.
3. Cazuela marinera: a delicious soup made from seafood, vegetables and potatoes, which will allow you to enjoy the flavors of the island in a single dish.
4. Seafood empanadas: tasty empanadas filled with fresh seafood, ideal to enjoy as a snack or main course.
5. Locos con mayonnaise: a type of local seafood that is usually served with mayonnaise, being another of the typical dishes of the region.

Access Prices

General Admission

• National child (age 11 years old and under): Income released.
• National teenager (12 to 17 years old): $2,000.
• National adult: $4,000.
• National older adult (over 60 years old): Income released.
• Disabled national child (age 11 years and under): Income released.
• National adolescent with a disability (12 to 17 years old): Admission released.
• Disabled national adult: $2,000.
• National disabled older adult (over 60 years old): Income released.
• Foreign child (age 11 years old and under): Income released.
• Foreign teenager (12 to 17 years old): $4,000.
• Foreign adults and seniors (including those with disabilities): $8,000.

Scientific expeditions

• National: $30,000.
• Foreigners: $45,000.

Sports and tourist activities

• Nationals: $50,000.
• Foreigners: $65,000.

Filming and reporting

• One-time fee: $180,000.

These fees are applicable for entry to the National Park and to participate in different activities, depending on the age and nationality of the visitors. In addition, specific costs are established for scientific expeditions, sports and tourist activities, as well as for filming and reporting. It is recommended to check the updated rates before planning your visit.

Regulations & Recommendations for Visitors

Visitation Permits & Rules

To preserve the fragile ecosystem, there are strict regulations regarding activities and visitation. It is essential to obtain the necessary permits and follow the visitation rules.

Suggestions for Responsible Tourism

Responsible tourism is essential for the conservation of the park. Visitors are encouraged to minimize their impact and contribute positively to the local community.

Ecosystems & Conservation

Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems

The park contains a complex mix of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including rainforests and coral reefs. Biodiversity is central to conservation efforts.

Threats and Challenges

Threats, such as the introduction of invasive species and climate change, present significant challenges. Conservation programs seek to protect and preserve these fragile ecosystems.

Conservation and Protection Projects

There are several ongoing projects to conserve both terrestrial and marine life, involving both the local community and international organizations in the protection of natural heritage.