Cerro Castillo National Park

Nestled in natural beauty and adventure, the Cerro Castillo National Park in Chile stands out as one of the most impressive tourist destinations in Chilean Patagonia. Named after its iconic castle-shaped mountain, the park offers a captivating blend of towering landscapes, gleaming glaciers, and unique biodiversity. From challenging trekking to the tranquility of alpine lakes, the protected area is one of the mightiest natural landscapes in the world.

Cerro Castillo National Park Data

Geographical Location

Located in the Aysén Region, in the communes of Coyhaique and Río Ibáñez, Chile, specifically in Chilean Patagonia. It is situated at the geographic coordinates 46°03′00″S latitude and 72°11′00″W longitude.

History and Designation as a National Park

Established on June 19, 1970, during the presidency of Eduardo Frei Montalva, when the Cerro Castillo Forest Reserve was established. This reserve aimed to preserve and regulate the use of forest resources on state lands and conserve the beauty of the landscape in the area. Initially, the reserve covered an area of 179,550 hectares, but later, in May 1983, it was reduced due to the disaffection of lands with occupants or under pressure of use.
In March 2017, the Government of Chile signed an agreement with the Tompkins Conservation Chile Foundation, led by conservationists Douglas and Kris Tompkins, to establish the "Route of Parks of Patagonia." As part of this agreement, it was planned to change the protection category of several reserves, including Cerro Castillo, to turn them into national parks and receive donations of land to increase and establish new protected areas.

On July 27, 2017, President Michelle Bachelet signed the decree of the Ministry of National Assets that officially established Cerro Castillo National Park and handed over its administration to the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) with an area of 138,164 hectares.

Meaning of the Name "Cerro Castillo"

The name is derived from the main mountain that resembles a medieval castle, offering an iconic view that symbolizes the region.

Climate in Cerro Castillo

It experiences a climate characteristic of cold steppe and Andean continental with steppe degeneration. This area covers an extensive part of the Andes mountain range slope and is characterized by very low temperatures, especially during winter. During this season, the presence of snow is common, creating an impressive landscape and covering the trails and mountains of the region.

Throughout the year, the climate in Cerro Castillo can be unpredictable and change rapidly. During summer, temperatures may be milder, but it is still important to be prepared for possible abrupt changes in weather and variable weather conditions.

For those wishing to visit the National Park, it is advisable to bring appropriate cold weather clothing, including jackets, hats, gloves, and additional layers to protect against wind and low temperatures. It is also essential to be prepared for possible rains, so wearing waterproof clothing and suitable footwear is fundamental to enjoy a comfortable and safe experience in this beautiful natural environment.

Park Sections

Cerro Castillo is divided into three sectors: Lago Elizalde, Lago La Paloma, and Cerro Castillo. Each of these sectors offers unique landscapes and unforgettable experiences for visitors.

Lago Elizalde

Encompassing approximately 10,510 hectares, it is bounded to the north by the southern shore of Lake Elizalde, to the south and west by the Paloma River, and to the east by the X-686 road connecting Villa Frei with Lake Caro. This area stands out for its impressive lake and the beauty of its natural surroundings.

Lago La Paloma

In this sector, the park extends over approximately 14,085 hectares. It borders to the west with route X-686, to the east with road X-696, and to the south with lakes La Paloma, Azul, and El Desierto. This area is known for its scenic lakes and offers a unique experience for nature lovers and aquatic environments.

Cerro Castillo

The most extensive section of the park, covering over 118,000 hectares, is the Cerro Castillo area. It extends south of lakes La Paloma, Azul, and Desierto, and continues along several summits to the border between Chile and Argentina, near the town of Balmaceda. To the southwest, it borders the border until near the Pallavicini border crossing, next to the town of Puerto Ibáñez, on the shores of Lake General Carrera. At the southern limit, it reaches the foothills of the mountain range that bears its name and follows the Carretera Austral until it enters the park, at the so-called "Devil’s Slope." This area is famous for its mighty mountain, its towering mountains, and its impressive mountainous landscapes.

Biodiversity and Ecosystems

The ecosystem in Cerro Castillo is diverse, with a variety of flora, fauna, and landscapes. Among the present ecosystems are evergreen forests, Patagonian steppes, crystal-clear lakes and rivers, glaciers, and mountains. These diverse areas create a natural balance that sustains rich biodiversity and offers visitors the opportunity to enjoy a unique experience in Chilean Patagonia, being one of the few places that preserves a population of huemules, an endangered deer, Andean condor, puma, and guanaco.

Endemic Flora and Vegetation

Home to a great diversity of flora that contributes to the beauty and richness of the ecosystem with rich botanical exploration. The park has two important vegetation formations: the Deciduous Forests of Aysén, mainly dominated by lenga trees, and the Montane Evergreen Forests, where the Magellanic Coihue predominates. These forests offer impressive landscapes and provide vital habitats for the park’s fauna.

1. Lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) and ñire (Nothofagus antarctica) are two species of native trees in the region. Their forests are part of the Patagonian Andean ecosystem and are essential for ecosystem balance.
2. Calafate (Berberis buxifolia): a characteristic shrub of Patagonia that produces small, tasty berries. It is an important part of the native flora and has cultural and food value for local communities.

In the drier areas near the border with Argentina, the Patagonian steppe can be found, an ecosystem of grasslands and shrubs typical of the region.

In addition to these mentioned species, there are also other wild plants and flowers, such as orchids and capachitos or calceolarias, which add even more color and beauty to the environment.

Fauna

It is a privileged place where iconic animal species inhabit, such as:

1. Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus): a deer native to the Patagonia region and is considered one of Chile’s national symbols. It is an endangered species, and sighting it is a unique and exciting experience for nature lovers.
2. Puma (Felis concolor): also known as the "mountain lion" or "American lion," the puma is a majestic feline that inhabits the mountainous areas of Patagonia. It is the main predator in the park and is a difficult animal to spot due to its stealthy nature.
3. Guanaco (Lama guanicoe): relatives of llamas and alpacas and are an essential part of the Patagonian ecosystem. These elegant South American camels can be seen grazing in the steppes and mountains of the park.
4. Condor (Vultur gryphus): the largest flying bird in the world and is a symbol of freedom in Andean culture. Its wingspan is impressive, and visitors have the opportunity to see them fly majestically in the skies of Cerro Castillo National Park.

These species represent only a small part of the fauna diversity that inhabits the park. In addition to these, many other birds, mammals, and aquatic animals can be found, contributing to the richness and natural beauty of this extraordinary destination in Chilean Patagonia.

Tourist Attractions and Activities

Las Horquetas Traverse

This is an exciting journey that will allow you to explore some of the most impressive landscapes of Cerro Castillo Park. During this route, you will traverse mountains and valleys of the park, enjoying panoramic views and the diversity of flora and fauna that inhabits it. It’s a challenging yet rewarding experience for trekking and nature enthusiasts.

Laguna Cerro Castillo Trail

The Laguna Cerro Castillo trail is one of the most popular and accessible routes in the protected area. It will lead you through evergreen forests and lush vegetation, finally reaching the impressive Laguna Cerro Castillo, surrounded by the imposing mountains and glaciers. It’s a moderate difficulty hike that will reward you with spectacular views and a close connection with nature.

Estero Parada Trail

Hike along the picturesque Estero Parada, where you can delight in the beauty of nature in its most pristine state. During this walk, you will traverse beautiful forests and be surrounded by the park’s native flora and fauna. A tranquil and relaxing experience, ideal for those looking to connect with nature in a serene and harmonious environment.

Section 1: Las Horquetas Hut – Turbio Campsite

This section of the Las Horquetas Traverse starts at a bend in the Carretera Austral, south of Coyhaique. The trail follows a mostly flat and gentle logging road, taking you through a beautiful lenga forest and small streams. After 15.4 km and approximately 5-6 hours of hiking, you will reach the Turbio Campsite, located on the banks of the Turbio River and surrounded by the majesty of Cerro Castillo National Park.

Section 2: Turbio Campsite – Bosque Viejo Campsite

This section presents high difficulty and will take you approximately 5-7 hours. From the Turbio Campsite, you will ascend slowly to the Portezuelo Peñón, reaching 1,300 meters above sea level. Keep in mind that the pass may have snow even in months like October to January. Then, you will arrive at the Bosque Viejo Campsite, located on the banks of the El Bosque Stream, overlooking the Castillo mountain range and its glaciers.

Section 3: Bosque Viejo Campsite – La Tetera Campsite

This section of medium difficulty is short but steep. From the Bosque Viejo Campsite, you will cross the El Bosque Stream and ascend steeply to Cerro Castillo, where you can appreciate the Cerro Castillo massif and its glaciers, as well as pass by an impressive waterfall. Keep in mind that La Tetera Campsite is closed for recovery.

Section 4: La Tetera Campsite – Porteadores Campsite

This section presents high difficulty and is especially exposed to strong winds and steep slopes with a lot of loose scree. The trail passes by Laguna del Castillo, from where you can appreciate the immense mountain and its glaciers. Take caution on the descent to the Porteadores Campsite. It is recommended to fill water bottles at the drainage of Laguna Castillo, as it will be difficult to refill water along the way.

Section 5: Porteadores Campsite – Neozelandés Campsite

This section is of medium difficulty and short. The trail ascends with moderate slopes through old forests until reaching the Neozelandés Campsite, located at the bottom of the glacier circus. From here, you can observe high valleys and glaciers, such as the Northwest face of Cerro Castillo, Cerro Palo, and Cerro Chocolate.

Section 6: Neozelandés Campsite – Estero Parada Hut

This is the last section of the Las Horquetas Traverse. The trail descends rapidly to the access hut and the road to Villa Cerro Castillo. In this area, you will find mature lenga forests and regeneration, with wild strawberries, orchids, and a variety of flowers and shrubs. Afterwards, you will continue along a 6 km gravel road before reaching Villa Cerro Castillo.
This traverse will allow you to enjoy the stunning landscapes and pristine nature of Cerro Castillo National Park, but always remember to take precautions and respect the flora and fauna of the place to ensure the preservation of this wonderful natural environment.

Hiking and Trekking Routes Map

In the following map, you can see the routes to explore Cerro Castillo National Park, with indications of distances, camping areas, shelters, and estimated completion time.

You can check the status of trails and hiking routes at: trail conditions.

Free Camping Areas: Campsites and Shelters

The park offers camping and shelter options, allowing for a complete immersion in pristine nature and the opportunity to wake up to spectacular views.

Río Turbio Campsite

This beautiful campground is nestled in a lenga forest and offers basic amenities such as tables and a latrine. It’s an ideal place to rest and appreciate nature on the first day of your Las Horquetas Traverse. From here, you can contemplate the regression of glaciers and the new plant life emerging in the Río Turbio Valley. It has 8 camping sites and water is available 200 meters away.

El Bosque Campsite

This campsite has been under renovation since November 2018. It is located near the El Bosque stream, in a recovery area, and the new camping site has been located in a pristine and comfortable location. It features tables, various camping sites, and a latrine. It has 6 camping sites and water is available 50 meters away.

La Tetera Campsite (Closed)

This campground is named after an old red teapot found on the trail. Although not enabled, some visitors began camping here due to its proximity to the glaciers and the stunning views of Cerro Castillo. However, this summer 2020 the campground is closed due to the high impact caused by visitors. The alpine ecosystem in this area is very fragile and exposed to strong winds, making it difficult to establish a latrine without affecting the water. Visitors are asked to respect the rules and not camp here to protect the environment and ensure a better experience for everyone.

Porteadores Campsite

This campground is named after the local porters who set up a camp in 2005 while transporting equipment and materials to the Neozelandés Campsite. It is a narrow place with little shelter from the Andean winds, located next to the river. They hope to add new sites in 2019. It has 5 camping sites and water is available 50 meters away.

Neozelandés Campsite

This is one of the best campsites on the traverse. It is located in the Parada Valley, where the stream of the same name originates. It offers panoramic views of one of the arms of the Castillo Range and allows you to appreciate the hills and high-altitude cirques. It is the highest campsite on the Las Horquetas Traverse, so it is important to consider possible bad weather even during the summer months. It has 15 camping sites and water is available 150 meters away.

Access, Accommodation, and Travel Planning

How to Get to Cerro Castillo National Park

Accessible by road and air, it is located 64 kilometers south of Coyhaique, in the communes of Coyhaique and Río Ibáñez, in the Aysén Region, Chile. The nearest towns to the park are Villa Cerro Castillo and Balmaceda.
Balmaceda Airport is the most convenient option for reaching the park, as it is only half an hour by vehicle to the Las Horquetas entrance, located at kilometer 64 of Route 7 Sur, known as the Carretera Austral.

To access the Park, visitors can enter through private lands in the Las Horquetas and Estero Parada sectors, where registration booths have been installed to control entry. From there, you can begin your adventure.

If you’re planning to visit Cerro Castillo National Park and need transportation, there are several options available:

Car Rentals

In the Aysén region, there are several car rental companies. If you intend to enter the park via the Estero Parada access, a 4×4 vehicle is recommended due to the terrain conditions. You can rent a vehicle at Balmaceda Airport or at the companies’ offices in Coyhaique. Some suggestions include:

• Rent a Car Traeger: [email protected], (+56) 67 2231648.
• Patagonia Rent: www.patagoniarent.cl, (+56 9) 39303011.
• Nirehuao Rental Car: (+56 9) 87541497.

Buses and Minivans

If you prefer to use public transportation, there are various bus options traveling from Coyhaique to the park and from Villa Cerro Castillo. Regional buses heading to Cochrane from Coyhaique pass through Las Horquetas daily in the mornings, departing from Coyhaique around 9:00 am. If you want to enter via the Las Horquetas access from Villa Cerro Castillo, there are minibusses/transfers to Coyhaique, departing from the town at 7:30 am.

Regional Buses

• Transportes Don Carlos: (+56) 67 2231981.
• Buses Sao Paulo: (+56) 67 2255726.
• Buses Águilas Patagónicas: (Terminal de buses en Coyhaique).

Villa Cerro Castillo Minibuses

• Buses Figueroa: (+56) 9 87472174.
• Acuna Turismo: (+56) 9 89004590.
• Luis Morales: (+56) 9 76494451.

Private Transfers

Another option is to hire a private transfer. There are taxis at the airport that can take visitors from Balmaceda to the park, but costs may vary. There are also local companies offering private transportation services. Some options include:

• Transporte y Turismo Andrade: (+56 9) 8238 1505 – (+56 9) 6697 3378.
• Fernando Sandoval: (+56) 9 62041342.
• Karina Sandoval: (+56) 9 90769801.
• Senderos Patagonia: www.aysensenderospatagonia.com.
• Pedro Zuleta: (+56 9) 9357 8668.

Hitchhiking

In Patagonia, hitchhiking is a relatively common and safe way to travel. Although it may not guarantee arriving at a specific location at a certain time, it’s a way to meet local people and experience a more adventurous journey. However, during the high season (January-March), there may be many backpackers hitchhiking on the Carretera Austral, meaning you’ll have quite a bit of competition on the route. So, be patient and enjoy the ride!

Prices

TRAIL	CAMPING	DURATION	RATE	PUBLIC
Estero Parada	NO	1 day (no overnight)	$16,000	Foreign Adults
			$12,000	Chilean Adults
			$8,000	Chilean Senior Citizen
			$10,000	Chilean Adolescents 12-17 years
			$12,000	Foreign Adolescents 12-17 years
			$0	Children 0-12 years
			$4,500	Villa Cerro Castillo Residents
			$10,000	Chilean Disabled Adult
Sendero Mirador Laguna	NO	1 day (no overnight)	$19,000	Foreign Adults
			$15,000	Chilean Adults
			$10,000	Chilean Senior Citizen
			$12,000	Chilean Adolescents 12-17 years
			$14,000	Foreign Adolescents 12-17 years
			$0	Children 0-12 years
			$4,500	Villa Cerro Castillo Residents
			$12,000	Chilean Disabled Adult
Horquetas + Estero Parada	YES	2 or more days	$30,000	Foreign Adults
			$28,000	Chilean Adults
			$20,000	Chilean Senior Citizen
			$22,000	Chilean Disabled Adult
			$22,000	Chilean Adolescents 12-17 years
			$24,000	Foreign Adolescents 12-17 years
			$0	Children 0-12 years
			$4,500	Villa Cerro Castillo Residents

It’s important to consider the additional information provided:

• The access to the Cerro Castillo Viewpoint Laguna Trail changed in early 2021 due to a concession change. It’s necessary to review the map to enter the authorized trails correctly, as access through other entrances is not allowed by CONAF.
• Residents of Villa Cerro Castillo can receive discounts and should request their agreement card from the concession administration before their visit to the park.
• To enter Cerro Castillo National Park, it’s necessary to pass through a series of private lands, where a fee is charged to the concession for each person passing through their lands. Part of the money collected is allocated to supporting educational programs and local tourism in Villa Cerro Castillo.

Basic Kit for Visits: What Clothing and Equipment to Bring

The suggested equipment for your trek in Cerro Castillo National Park is as follows:

• Trekking pants: Quick-drying synthetic fabric.
• Shorts (optional).
• 2 trekking shirts: One short-sleeved and one long-sleeved.
• A fleece or polar jacket.
• Down or synthetic jacket.
• 2 sets of trekking clothes for 4 days.
• One set of clothes for the camp after trekking.
• One first-layer set (wool or synthetic).
• Synthetic socks.
• Rain gear set: Jacket and pants to protect you from rain.
• Trekking boots.
• A pair of other shoes for resting in the camp.
• Windbreaker, which can be your rain jacket.
• Beanie and gloves for cold weather (it gets very cold in the mountains at night).
• Cap for the sun.
• Sunglasses.
• Trekking gaiters.
• Headlamp.
• Personal medication and first aid kit.
• Water bottle (one is enough).
• Camera (inside a ziplock bag to protect it).
• Sunscreen.
• Insect repellent.
• Trekking poles (optional).
• Sleeping bag and sleeping pad (the sleeping bag should be rated to at least 0 degrees Celsius).
• 4-season or double-wall tent.

Best Times to Visit

The best times to visit Cerro Castillo National Park and go trekking are from January to March. During this season, warmer temperatures and more favorable weather conditions can be found. The wind tends to be less intense during these months, making outdoor activities easier.
The months of November, December, and April are more variable in terms of weather. There may be snow in the campsites during this time, which can make certain trekking routes more challenging. It might be the ideal season for those seeking a more challenging experience and wishing to enjoy snow-covered landscapes.

Visitors should always be prepared for unexpected weather changes and bring appropriate clothing to protect themselves from cold, rain, and snow.

Accommodation Options Outside the Park

In addition to the campgrounds and shelters within Cerro Castillo National Park, there are several accommodation options outside the park in nearby towns that offer comfort and various services for visitors. Some of the nearby towns with accommodation options are:

1. Villa Cerro Castillo: the closest town to the park offers various accommodation alternatives such as hostels, cabins, and lodges. Here you will find options for different budgets and services for tourists wishing to explore the park and its surroundings.
2. Coyhaique: the capital of the Aysén Region and located about 64 kilometers north of Cerro Castillo National Park. This city offers a wide variety of hotels, hostels, and cabins, as well as restaurants and other services for tourists.
3. Balmaceda: a town located approximately 40 kilometers north of the park and has some accommodation options such as hostels and cabins. It’s a good option for those wishing to be close to Balmaceda Airport.
4. Puerto Ibáñez: located about 90 kilometers north of the park, this town offers accommodation options along the beautiful General Carrera Lake. Here you will find cabins and lodges with spectacular views of the lake and its surroundings.