Chiloé National Park

Discover the magic and charm of the Chiloé National Park, a natural paradise located in Chile with untamed landscapes, humid forests, and solitary beaches, offering you a unique experience to escape the hustle and immerse yourself in an ancestral culture. From its hiking trails to its rich biodiversity, this Chilean corner will captivate you with its history, traditions, and cultural festivals.

Chiloé National Park Facts

Geographical Location

Located on the western coast of the Big Island of Chiloé, situated in the Los Lagos Region, in the province of Chiloé, Chile. With an extension of 43,057 hectares, the park is divided into two sectors: Chepu, the smaller one, located in the commune of Ancud, and Abtao, which covers the communes of Dalcahue, Castro, and Chonchi. It can be geographically located using the coordinates: 42°30’46″S and 74°02’03″W.

History and Designation as a National Park

Designated as a National Park on November 17, 1982, through Supreme Decree No. 734, Chiloé National Park was created in response to the controversies arising from the Chiloé Splinter Project in the seventies. This protected area aimed to conserve the rich biodiversity and cultural heritage of the area.

Over time, changes have been made to the park’s extension due to the presence of Huilliche communities in adjacent areas that initially fell within the park’s boundaries. These communities couldn’t exercise their property rights or carry out their traditional resource extraction activities legally. To address this situation, measures were taken to declassify, meaning to remove the protected area status, certain zones of the park.

The area of Lake Huelde in the Chanquín community was declassified, followed by a strip of beach and land between Huentemó and the Colecole River, and finally another strip between the Colecole River and the Anay River, which came under the control of the Huentemó community. These declassified areas are now the subject of joint conservation and tourism projects between the National Forestry Corporation and indigenous communities, allowing for more sustainable and participatory management.

Reassignment and protection efforts have sought to find a balance between park conservation and respect for the rights and traditional knowledge of local communities, recognizing the importance of harmonious coexistence between nature and ancestral culture.

Chiloé’s Climate

With a rainy temperate climate characteristic of the region. The average annual temperatures in Chiloé are around 11°C. Precipitation is abundant and distributed relatively evenly throughout the year, varying according to altitude.
On the Pacific coast, approximately 3000 mm of precipitation is recorded annually. In the higher areas of the Piuchén Mountain Range, about 5000 mm of rain falls annually, contributing to the existence of dense humid forests in this area. On the other hand, in the lands located east of the hills, precipitation is slightly more moderate, with around 2500 mm per year.

This distribution of rainfall in different areas of the park creates a diversity of environments and ecosystems, such as Valdivian forests, peatlands, and wetlands. The combination of climate and topography contributes to the rich flora and fauna of the area, making it a unique natural refuge and of great value for conservation.

Best Times to Visit

The best time to visit Chiloé National Park is during the summer (December, January, and February), as temperatures tend to be slightly higher and there are lower chances of precipitation compared to the rest of the year. Although it’s important to note that it rains in Chiloé throughout the year, even in summer. Despite this, summer offers more favorable conditions to explore and enjoy the natural wonders of the island.
Chiloé, despite not being an extremely large island, presents different climates depending on its location on the coast. The side facing the Pacific tends to be rainier and colder than the part facing the mainland. It’s important to be prepared for the changing weather and to bring appropriate clothing to protect against rain and wind.

Tourist Attractions and Landscapes

The majority of the park is composed of hills belonging to the Coastal Range, locally known as the Piuchén Mountain Range. Within this protected area, you’ll find diverse ecosystems, including dune areas, Valdivian forests, alerce forests, and peatlands, which contribute to conserving the rich biodiversity of the area.

Museum: Main Entrance, CONAF Offices

The main entrance of Chiloé National Park is the starting point to explore this wonderful natural reserve. Here, you’ll find the CONAF offices (National Forestry Corporation), where you can obtain useful information and guidance for your visit. You can also delve into the park’s history and biodiversity at the museum, which offers a fascinating exhibition on Chiloé’s flora, fauna, and culture.

Educational Trail

The educational trail is an opportunity to learn and discover the richness of the park in a didactic way. Along this route, you’ll find informative panels that will guide you and provide knowledge about the ecosystems, flora and fauna, and the importance of conservation in Chiloé National Park.

Dunes

The unique dunes of the park will take you through a unique and challenging landscape, where sandy conditions and lack of nutrients create a special environment for diverse plant communities and a memorable experience.

Colecole Myrtle Forest

Dense forests formed by myrtle trees, whose elegant cinnamon-colored barks will amaze you. Enjoy a walk among these tree wonders that give a unique charm to this corner of Chiloé.

Anay River

Let yourself be carried away by the sound of water and the lush vegetation surrounding it as you explore the shores and connect with the wildlife inhabiting its surroundings.

Ñango River

This river will surprise you with its biodiversity and serene landscape, creating a perfect environment to enjoy nature at its finest.

Abtao River

Admire the beauty of its waters and natural surroundings as you delve into this magical corner of the park.

Chepu River

Navigate downstream and then continue on foot along the coastal trail to enjoy the serenity and aquatic life that this river offers. Chepu River is a highlight in Chiloé National Park.

Alerce Forests

These forests, home to alerce trees and other endemic species, invite you to immerse yourself in the majesty of Chiloé’s flora and experience its ecological importance.

Pescado (or Refugio) River

If you’re looking for an even more immersive experience, visit the nearby refuge. These places offer you an ideal environment to relax and connect with nature.

Metalqui Islet

Don’t miss the opportunity to visit Metalqui Islet, where you can marvel at a large colony of sea lions. Enjoy the experience of observing these charming creatures in their natural habitat, a memory that will stay with you forever.

Beaches and Inlets

With its beautiful beaches and hidden inlets, the park is an ideal place for relaxation and enjoyment of coastal nature.

Humid Forests and Valdivian Jungle

The park hosts some of Chile’s densest forests, known as the Valdivian Jungle, which are home to a variety of endemic tree species and wildlife.

Wetlands and Swampy Areas

The extensive wetlands and swamps offer an unparalleled view of the rich aquatic life and birds of the park.

Notable Geological Formations

From cliffs to sea caves, the geological formations in Chiloé offer an impressive natural spectacle.

Biodiversity and Wildlife

Flora: Vegetation and Endemic Species

The park is famous for its endemic flora, which includes ancient trees and various species of flowers and ferns. The protected area is extremely diverse due to its location in the Valdivian Rainforest and the varied topography of the area. The predominant vegetation type is the Valdivian Rainforest, a dense forest composed of evergreen trees, shrubs, and climbing plants. However, other plant communities are also found in different areas of the park.

One of the declassified sectors, the Colecole Myrtle Forest, was handed over to individuals from the Huentemó community. This species, the Myrtle (Luma apiculata), is one of the most representative of the Valdivian flora in the park.

On the park’s hills, large extensions of peatlands and tepual formations can be found. In poorly drained soils, the alerce tree (Fitzroya cupressoides) thrives, forming nearly pure forests or associating with the tepú shrub (Tepualia stipularis) and the Guaitecas cypress (Pilgerodendron uviferum).

The dunes in the park pose challenges for plants growing on them due to the lack of nutrients and soil salinity. Here is where species like pangue (Gunnera tinctoria), beach strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis), and the grass Ammophila arenaria, introduced to control dune advancement, can be found. Also noteworthy is the plant called poe (Fascicularia bicolor), which grows on trees or among rocks and is known for its distinctive shape and color.

Another type of vegetation present in the park is the tepual, a forest of tepú trees whose intertwined trunks form a mesh that allows the formation of a false moss and epiphyte ground several meters above the true ground. Walking through a tepual can be dangerous if unaware of its existence or without taking proper precautions.

Fauna: Mammals, Birds, and Marine Life

Chiloé is a paradise for wildlife lovers, with a great variety of species, including marsupials, birds, and rich marine life.
The fauna is mainly characterized by its richness in bird and marine mammal species. On Metalqui Islet, a large colony of sea lions stands out.

Land mammals have a scarcer presence compared to marine species. In the park’s wooded areas, the pudú (Pudu puda), one of the smallest deer in the world, known for its diminutive size and adorable appearance, inhabits. The Chilote fox or Darwin’s fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes), an endangered species endemic to Chiloé Island, can also be found. Protecting and conserving its habitat in the park is vital to ensuring the survival of this unique species.

At the river mouths in the park, it’s possible to spot southern river otters (Lutra provocax), also known as Chilean river otters. These small mammals are known for their habit of feeding on shellfish and fish, and their presence is an important indicator of the health of the aquatic ecosystem in the region.

In addition to these mentioned species, the area hosts a lush diversity of seabirds and waterfowl, such as cormorants, herons, ducks, and seagulls. The coasts and wetlands of the park provide a conducive habitat for these birds, making the park a privileged place for birdwatching.

Recommended Activities

Hiking and Trekking Routes

With several trails traversing Chiloé Park, visitors can enjoy breathtaking views and an intimate encounter with nature. These trails offer various hiking and trekking options.

Chepu River-Lar River

An 11 km trail that takes you through beautiful natural landscapes and meandering rivers in approximately 5 hours of hiking.

El Tepual (Interpretive Trail)

A brief 0.75 km route designed as an interpretive trail to discover and learn about the park’s flora and fauna in approximately 40 minutes.

Cucao Dunes

Explore the park’s dunes with a 1.4 km route. It offers an hour of hiking to enjoy a unique landscape and face the challenge of sandy conditions.

Chanquín-Cole Cole

A longer adventure of 16 km that takes you into the heart of the park, enjoying nature at its finest for approximately 5 hours.

Cole Cole River-Anay River

This 5 km trail allows you to explore the river environment of the region and experience the serenity of the rivers on a journey of approximately 1.5 hours.

Chanquín-Grande River

15.5 km of challenging terrain, with an estimated duration of 8 hours. It passes through various landscapes and ecosystems.

Castro-Abtao

An 18 km route from Castro to Abtao, providing a complete immersion in the park’s nature in approximately 8 hours of hiking.

Birdwatching and Wildlife Observation

For nature lovers, birdwatching and wildlife observation offer an unparalleled opportunity to get up close with Chiloé’s wildlife.

Canoeing and Water Activities

The calm waters of the park are perfect for canoeing, providing a new perspective of its natural beauty.

Guided Excursions and Environmental Education

Guided excursions and environmental education programs offer visitors a deeper understanding of biodiversity and the importance of conservation.

Culture and Local Communities

Traditions and Mythology of Chiloé

Chiloé is known for its rich tradition of mythology and legends, which are an integral part of the culture and identity of its inhabitants. Some of the region’s most prominent traditions and myths include:

La Trauco

One of Chiloé’s most well-known legends is that of La Trauco, a mythical creature believed to live in the forests and is considered the spirit of fertility. It is said that La Trauco has the ability to seduce women with his gaze, and those who fall under his influence become pregnant. This legend has been passed down from generation to generation and is part of the local folklore.

La Pincoya

La Pincoya is a mythological figure representing a beautiful young woman with long blonde hair. It is said that she emerges from the sea to dance and lure fishermen into her nets. The presence of La Pincoya is considered a good omen for a good catch and the prosperity of coastal communities.

Witches of Chiloé

Chiloé’s mythology also includes stories about witches, known as "Chilotan Witches" or "Alicantes." These witches are believed to possess supernatural powers and practice magic. It is said that they can fly transformed into animals and have the power to cause illness and misfortune to those who offend them.

Traditional Festivals

Famous for its festivities and cultural celebrations. One of the most important festivals is the Feast of La Candelaria, celebrated in February, which is a blend of religious and pagan traditions. Other festivities honoring the patron saints of different localities also take place, featuring colorful parades, music, dances, and delightful local cuisine.

Architecture and Traditional Constructions

Known for its wooden churches and stilt houses, Chiloé’s architecture reflects its history and close relationship with the sea. It offers a unique and meaningful expression of the region’s history and cultural identity. Famous for its wooden churches and stilt houses, it reflects the close relationship that local inhabitants have maintained with the sea over the centuries.
Chiloé’s wooden churches are one of the island’s most emblematic architectural treasures. These churches, declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2000, are a testament to the painstaking craftsmanship of the Chilote community. Mostly built in the 18th and 19th centuries, these churches reflect the fusion of European and local architectural styles, known as the "Chilote School of Religious Architecture." Their gabled roofs and striking colors add a special touch to Chiloé’s cultural landscape.

In addition to the churches, another characteristic feature of Chiloé’s traditional architecture is the construction of houses on stilts. This technique allows homes to be protected from tides and sea swells, which is especially important due to the island’s coastal geography. Stilt houses can be seen in Chiloé’s fishing and rural communities, showcasing the ingenious adaptation of local communities to their natural environment.

Gastronomy and Local Products

Chiloé’s gastronomy is a delicious showcase of the richness and diversity of local products offered by the region. Based on a mix of fresh ingredients from the sea and land, traditional dishes reflect the identity and lifestyle of its inhabitants.
Seafood is an essential part of Chilote cuisine. From king crabs and crabs to sea urchins and mussels, fresh seafood is an abundant source of flavors and textures in local dishes. One of the island’s most emblematic dishes is the "Curanto," a traditional preparation that includes seafood, meat, and potatoes cooked in a hole in the ground, covered with nalca leaves (a local plant) and hot stones. The result is a feast of unique flavors and aromas.

Potatoes also play a significant role in Chilote cuisine. The island is famous for the variety of potatoes grown here, used in various dishes, from stews to casseroles. A classic dish is the "Milcao," a kind of thick tortilla made with grated potatoes and accompanied by pork cracklings.

Chiloé also stands out for the richness of local products such as seaweed, mushrooms, herbs, and wild fruits, which add unique and authentic flavors to the dishes.

Festivals and Cultural Celebrations

Chiloé is a region rich in cultural traditions and festivals that reflect the identity and history of its communities. Festivals and cultural celebrations are an integral part of life in Chiloé and offer visitors a unique opportunity to experience the vibrant community life of the island.
One of the standout festivals in Chiloé is the "Feast of La Candelaria," celebrated every February. This festival combines religious and pagan elements and is a testament to the cultural syncretism that characterizes the region. During the Feast of La Candelaria, communities gather to celebrate with music, dances, colorful parades, and religious activities. The wooden churches, declared World Heritage Sites, are the center of these celebrations, and communities dress in traditional costumes and dance to the music in honor of the Virgin of La Candelaria.

Another important festival in Chiloé is the "Chilota Week in Ancud," which takes place in January. During this week, various cultural events, craft fairs, and gastronomic exhibitions are held, where the people of Chiloé showcase and share their traditions and local products with visitors.

Many localities in Chiloé near the national park also celebrate their own patron saint festivals. These festivities often include processions, masses, traditional dances, games, and various community activities that invite visitors to participate and immerse themselves in Chilote culture.

Participating in Chiloé’s festivals and cultural celebrations is an enriching experience that allows visitors to connect with the history, tradition, and warmth of its inhabitants.

How to Get to Chiloé National Park

Cucao-Chanquín Sector

To reach the Cucao-Chanquín Sector from Castro, take Route 5 south and drive approximately 24 km to the Notuco intersection. From there, continue another 34.5 km to Cucao, which will take around 90 minutes by car.

Chepu Sector

From Ancud, head south on Route 5 to the Chepu River intersection, a stretch of 25 km that will take about 30 minutes. Then, continue west on a gravel road until you reach Puerto Anguay, which is an additional 14 km. From Puerto Anguay, embark on a boat to navigate downstream on the Chepu River. Then, continue on foot along the coastal trail for about 14 km until you reach the Lar River, where the ranger’s house is located. This journey will take approximately 5 hours.

Abtao Sector

From Castro, head north on Route 5 until you reach Llau Llao. From there, take the road westward and cross the Puchagrán bridge, passing over the Chilcón River, until you finally reach the Pichihue estate, which is 12 km away. After 2 hours of travel from the estate, you will find yourself within the park area. Continue along a trail that crosses the Piuchén mountain range for approximately 8 hours until you reach the mouth of the Curi and Abtao rivers.

There are also public transportation options that will take you to Cucao, making access to the park easier.

Accommodation Options: Cabins, Camping, Hotels

From cozy cabins to luxury hotels, Chiloé offers a wide range of accommodation options for all tastes and budgets. Nearby towns to stay in include:

1. Castro: The capital of Chiloé Province, Castro, is located just a few kilometers north of the National Park. It is known for its famous Gamboa Palafito, a colorful and picturesque row of houses on stilts over the water. In Castro, visitors can enjoy a wide selection of restaurants, craft shops, and the San Francisco Church, another iconic wooden church of Chiloé declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2. Ancud: Located north of the park, Ancud is another town with a rich history and traditions. Visitors can explore Fort San Antonio, an old Spanish colonial fortress, as well as the Regional Museum of Ancud, which offers a detailed insight into the island’s heritage.
3. Dalcahue: East of Chiloé National Park, Dalcahue is a charming town known for its craft fair, where local artisans exhibit and sell their products, including the famous Chiloé wooden crafts. You can also visit the Tenaún and San Juan churches, both declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
4. Quellón: Located south of the park, Quellón is the second-largest city on Chiloé Island. It is an important fishing center and offers additional accommodation options, restaurants, and activities for visitors.