Content
Discover a territory of majestic natural splendor in the heart of Argentina. The natural beauty of Campo de los Alisos National Park (in Spanish: Parque Nacional Campo de los alisos) is waiting to be uncovered. With the most impressive and diverse wildlife, a spectacular mountainous environment, and a deep cultural richness, there is no limit to the experiences of discovery and learning that this park can offer.
Introduction
History of the Creation of Campo de los Alisos National Park
Established on August 9, 1995, Campo de los Alisos is one of Argentina’s most important protected natural spaces. It spans an area of 65,000 hectares in the province of Tucumán, home to some of the nation’s most astonishing and biodiverse landscapes.
Inclusion in Aconquija National Park: Law No. 27451
In 2018, according to Law No. 27451, Campo de los Alisos National Park became an integral part of Aconquija National Park. This event has highlighted the importance of preserving this natural gem, focusing on its biodiversity and unique cultural heritage.
Geography and Climate
Location and Geographic Description
It is located in the southwest of Tucumán province, Argentina, at the foot of the Aconquija Sierra. This geographical region showcases a variety of landscapes, from high-altitude mountains to deep valleys, creating an incredibly diverse mosaic of ecosystems. It can be located at coordinates: 27°13′00″S 65°58′00″W / -27.21666667, -65.96666667.
Park’s Climate
The climate varies notably according to altitude. Lower areas are warm and humid, while higher altitudes can be cold and dry. Rainfall is more frequent in the summer months, from December to March.
Biodiversity
Flora: Notable Species
The park is home to a wide variety of plant species. You can find everything here from dense mountain jungles to high-altitude grasslands, with notable species such as the alder of the hill, which gives the park its name.
In the piedmont jungle, which is located in the lower areas, dominant trees include alder, cebil, tipa, laurel, tarco, yellow palo borracho, and horco molle, among others. These trees are often covered with epiphytes like orchids and air plants, such as Tillandsia pulchella and Tillandsia maxima.
As we ascend to altitudes between 1,000 and 1,500 meters above sea level, we enter the mountain jungle, where tree density is even higher. Species found here include walnut, Tucuman cedar, elderberry, mountain laurel, horco cebil, cochucho, mato, San Antonio tree, ramo, and chal-chal, among others.
From 1,500 meters, the landscape transforms into a mountain forest, where alders of the hill and mountain pines gradually fade away. Finally, in the highest altitude zones, there are high-altitude meadows dominated by groupings of queñoa, a tree species resistant to extreme conditions.
Fauna: Emblematic and Endemic Species
The park’s fauna is equally varied and astonishing, home to a multitude of species, from pumas to Andean condors, as well as a variety of endemic and threatened species. It is the habitat of guanacos, river otters, Andean cats, mountain frogs, ocelots, and a wide variety of birds. Notable bird species include the montane turkey, torrent duck, great egret, maitaca parrots, talkative parrots, red-faced parrot, as well as raptors like the common buzzard and caracara. The park harbors threatened or vulnerable species such as the Andean condor, mountain plover, alder parrot, dusky swift, Andean gaucho, water thrush, and cinnamon warbler.
Ecosystems Present in the Park
The rich diversity of ecosystems in Campo de los Alisos National Park includes jungles, forests, grasslands, and alpine areas, each with their distinctive flora and fauna. These ecosystems are of vital importance for the conservation of the country’s biodiversity.
Cultural Aspects
Indigenous Populations and Their Relationship with the Park
The park has been inhabited by indigenous communities since pre-Columbian times. These cultures have left their mark on the landscape, and their influence remains alive in local traditions. The protection of the park helps safeguard these valuable cultural legacies.
Cultural and Archaeological Importance
In addition to its rich biodiversity, the park holds significant archaeological and cultural importance. Archaeological findings in the area provide insight into the lives of the indigenous peoples who inhabited the region.
Within the protected area of the park, there are important archaeological sites, such as the ruins of Ciudacita or Pueblo Viejo. These constructions, estimated to be among the southernmost of the Inca empire, are located at an altitude of 4,400 meters above sea level in a high Andean climate zone. Accessing these sites requires a 4-day hike and ascent, accompanied by an authorized guide.
Tourist Activities
Hiking and Exploration
With its wide range of landscapes, the park is an excellent destination for hiking and exploration. It offers a multitude of routes and trails suitable for all abilities and fitness levels.
Nature Photography
The rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes make Campo de los Alisos National Park a paradise for nature photographers. From exotic birds to mountain panoramas, there’s something to capture around every corner.
Environmental Education and Guided Tours
Guided tours and environmental education programs are an excellent way to learn about the flora, fauna, and cultural history of the region while supporting the conservation and protection of this invaluable natural environment.
Conservation and Protection
Threats to the Park’s Biodiversity
The park faces several threats, such as climate change, poaching, and deforestation. Preserving this park is vital for the conservation of the region’s biodiversity.
Conservation and Protection Efforts
Campo de los Alisos National Park is protected by national laws and local conservation efforts, ensuring the preservation of its unique biodiversity and cultural heritage for future generations.
How to Get There and Visitor Tips
Access and Accommodation
The park is accessible by road from the city of Tucumán. Accommodation options are available both within the park and in the vicinity, catering to a variety of budgets and travel styles. We recommend checking how to get to Aconquija National Park as Campo de los Alisos is currently within its limitations.
Recommendations for Responsible Tourism
When visiting the park, it’s important to remember that we are in a protected natural space. We must respect the park rules, keep the visit areas clean, not feed the wildlife, and follow the guides’ and park rangers’ instructions. Additionally, it’s recommended to avoid excessive noise, not collect or damage plants or animals, and respect the archaeological and cultural sites. With these actions, we will contribute to preserving the beauty and integrity of Campo de los Alisos National Park for future generations.