Jordan, known for its remarkable history and landscapes, also hosts a network of protected areas and national parks that preserve both the country’s biodiversity and cultural heritage. From vast deserts to lush forest and wetland reserves, Jordan offers an incredible variety of destinations to deeply explore the country and its ecosystems. Travelers seeking unique adventures can explore the different nature reserves, protected areas, and biosphere reserves in Jordan, where each location tells a distinct story of conservation, scenic beauty, and biodiversity of flora and fauna.
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Information on Protected Areas in Jordan
History of the Protected Areas Network
The history of protected areas in Jordan began in the mid-20th century, aimed at preserving its unique ecosystems and protecting its biodiversity. In 1966, the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) was founded, playing a crucial role in establishing Jordan’s nature reserves. RSCN’s initial efforts focused on the recovery of critically endangered species, such as the Arabian oryx, gazelles, ostriches, and Persian onagers.
Early Reserves and Conservation Efforts
The starting point for this network was the creation of the country’s first nature reserve, the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, in 1975. Its main objective was to provide a suitable environment for the breeding and reintroduction of endangered species in their natural habitat. In 1973, the RSCN obtained the right to issue hunting licenses, providing a significant advantage in combating native wildlife extinction.
Expansion of the Reserve Network
The network of protected areas continued expanding in the 1990s with the creation of the Dana Biosphere Reserve in 1994. From then on, the RSCN established its Research and Studies Section to gather essential scientific information for creating sustainable environments that support wildlife. This new research phase enabled the organization to optimize its conservation efforts by focusing on creating suitable ecosystems for native flora and fauna.
Socioeconomic Initiatives and New Reserves
With the growth of protected areas, the RSCN launched Wild Jordan in 1994, a commercial branch responsible for managing socioeconomic projects surrounding the reserves. In 1999, the organization initiated a training program to develop local and regional conservation skills. Public awareness also increased through campaigns like "Save Jordan’s Trees" in 2005, aimed at conserving the natural environment.
By 2004, Jordan had consolidated a network of six nature reserves, with the establishment of the Dibeen Forest Reserve, protecting a total of 1,200 square kilometers of natural landscape across the country. In 2011, the Fifa Nature Reserve was designated, and later, in 2018, the reserves of Burqu, Dahek, and Dmeitha were added, further expanding the network of protected areas.
Location
Jordan’s protected areas are distributed throughout the country, each representing a unique ecological region. In the north, you’ll find forest reserves like Ajloun and Dibeen, while in the south, sites like Wadi Rum and the Dana Biosphere Reserve stand out. The geographical diversity of Jordan ensures that each reserve has something distinct to offer.
Best Time to Visit Jordan’s Protected Areas
The best time to visit Jordan’s protected areas depends on the reserve you plan to explore. Generally, spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal, as temperatures are moderate and the weather is perfect for outdoor activities. If you prefer to avoid the desert heat, it’s best to visit Wadi Rum or the Mujib Biosphere Reserve during these months. For those wishing to see the lush greenery of the northern reserves, such as Ajloun and Dibeen, spring is the ideal time.
List of Protected Areas in Jordan
Wadi Rum Nature Reserve (Protected Area)
Known for its vast red rock and sand landscapes, Wadi Rum is a protected area that offers an unforgettable experience for adventure seekers. This desert is an ideal site for activities like hiking, jeep tours, and stargazing. Its cultural and geological significance has been recognized internationally, attracting travelers from around the world.
Mujib Biosphere Reserve
The Mujib Biosphere Reserve, located near the Dead Sea, is famous for being the world’s lowest-altitude nature reserve. This area, covering 220 square kilometers, is a paradise for adventure enthusiasts, with canyons, rivers, and hiking trails that allow you to explore its impressive biodiversity. It is also an important sanctuary for endangered species like the mountain ibex.
Biosphere Reserves of Jordan
Dana Biosphere Reserve
The Dana Biosphere Reserve, the largest in Jordan at 320 square kilometers, encompasses mountains, valleys, and deserts. It’s a unique place where you can find a great diversity of plant and animal species, many of them endemic. Visitors can enjoy hiking, birdwatching, and the local culture of the Bedouin communities living in the area. Established in 1993, it remains a pillar of conservation in the country.
Mujib Biosphere Reserve
In addition to its landscapes and biodiversity, the Mujib Biosphere Reserve stands out for its exciting outdoor activities, such as canyoning. The challenging trails that wind through the reserve’s canyons are a major attraction for adventurers visiting Jordan.
Nature Reserves in Jordan
Ajloun Forest Reserve
Located in northwestern Jordan, the Ajloun Forest Reserve covers 13 square kilometers and was established in 1988. Known for its oak and pine forests, it serves as a haven for species like the Persian deer. It offers peaceful hiking trails among green landscapes, especially vibrant during spring.
Azraq Wetland Reserve
The Azraq Wetland Reserve, located in the northeast of the country, spans 12 square kilometers and was established in 1978. It is Jordan’s only wetland reserve, crucial for bird migration. It is an excellent spot for bird watchers and nature enthusiasts looking to discover the biodiversity in wetlands.
Burqu Nature Reserve
Located in northeastern Jordan, the Burqu Nature Reserve covers a vast area of 906.44 square kilometers, established in 2018. Although less known than other reserves, its desert environment and lake make it an intriguing destination for those seeking to explore less frequented landscapes.
Dahek Nature Reserve
Established in 2018, the Dahek Nature Reserve spans 265.42 square kilometers. Its desert landscape is home to various species, including migratory birds and animals adapted to the harsh conditions of northeastern Jordan.
Dibeen Forest Reserve
The Dibeen Forest Reserve, located in the northwest, is Jordan’s smallest reserve, covering 8.5 square kilometers, established in 2004. Its lush pine and oak forests offer a refreshing escape from the summer heat and serve as a habitat for various wildlife species.
Dmeitha Nature Reserve
Dmeitha is a relatively new reserve, established in 2018, located in the northeast of the country. Though still under development, it is an important site for local wildlife protection.
Fifa Nature Reserve
Located in the southwest of the country, the Fifa Nature Reserve spans 23.2 square kilometers and was established in 2011. It is one of the lowest areas in the world due to its proximity to the Dead Sea. Its unique biodiversity makes it an ideal environment for wildlife adapted to extreme conditions.
Qatar Nature Reserve
Qatar, located in southwestern Jordan, is one of the most recent reserves, established in 2011. With an area of 109.94 square kilometers, it is a refuge for native species and an important corridor for migratory birds.
Shaumari Nature Reserve
The Shaumari Nature Reserve, located in the northeast of the country, covers 22 square kilometers and was established in 1975. It was created primarily as a wildlife sanctuary, especially for the reintroduction of the Arabian oryx in its natural habitat. This conservation effort has been successful, and today, the reserve is a key site for wildlife observation in Jordan.
Other Points of Interest in Jordan
Petra Archaeological Site
Petra is undoubtedly one of the world’s most iconic archaeological sites. Its historical importance and impressive rock-carved structures make this place a must-see destination for any visitor to Jordan.
Dead Sea
Famous for its high salinity and therapeutic properties, the Dead Sea is a popular destination for tourists seeking relaxation as well as those interested in geology and history.
Desert Castles
Jordan’s Desert Castles, scattered throughout the east of the country, are fascinating witnesses to the rich Islamic and Umayyad history of the region. They are a draw for both history enthusiasts and those who enjoy exploring ancient fortifications in the desert landscape.
Recommended parks: The Most Beautiful Asian National Parks.
See Also
- Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN).
- Birdlife International Jordan.
- List of World Heritage Sites in Jordan.
- National Parks of Mongolia.
- National Parks of Armenia.
- National Parks of Georgia.
- National Parks of Azerbaijan.
- National Parks of Turkey.
- Nature Reserves of Turkmenistan.
- National Parks of Kazakhstan.
- National Parks of Saudi Arabia.
- National Parks of the United Arab Emirates.
- National Parks of China.
- National Parks of Japan.
- National Parks of Brunei.
- National Parks of Malaysia.
- Protected Areas of the Maldives.
- National Parks of Taiwan.