Ybycuí National Park

Welcome to a journey through the Ybycuí National Park, a sanctuary of biodiversity and cultural heritage in Paraguay. This article invites you to discover the secrets of Ybycuí, from its lush trails to the historic ruins of La Rosada, offering a detailed guide for anyone wishing to explore its wonders. Join us on this adventure to learn about the unique species inhabiting the park, the activities you can engage in, and the importance of its conservation.

Description of Ybycuí National Park

Ybycuí National Park offers a breathtaking landscape of steep hills reaching about 400 meters above sea level, crisscrossed by streams that create waterfalls and pools. It is located near the homonymous town, in the department of Paraguarí, in Paraguay.

It spans an area of 5,000 hectares and, despite its modest size, this park is remarkably diverse from a biological standpoint, although it faces significant challenges due to human disturbances. The landscape is shaped by a hydrographic network, with gentle hills carved in sedimentary, crystalline, and volcanic rocks. Additionally, the park area coincides with a region of great historical significance, which was once witness to the presence of Jesuit missions.

The vegetation of the landscape varies according to climatic conditions, from gallery forests to marshy areas near bodies of water, passing through mixed humid subtropical forests, where species such as guatambú, black laurel, cancharana, cedar, and rosewood dominate the canopy.

The surrounding environment of the park is indicative of the process of human occupation in the region. Forestry and agricultural exploitation, both for local consumption and for export, have expanded in areas near the border with Argentina. In past decades, this area was practically uninhabited, but today it hosts approximately one-third of Paraguay’s total population, showing rapid change and demographic growth in the region.

History and Establishment

In the picturesque city of Ybycuí, located in the department of Paraguarí and just 150 kilometers from Asunción, the Ybycuí National Park was established on May 16, 1973, under Decree No. 32,772, which granted it the status of a national park to protect the rich ecosystem of the Interior Atlantic Forest. With an area of 5,000 hectares, Ybycuí stands as a stronghold of conservation, where biodiversity flourishes and natural beauty is preserved for present and future generations.

Geographical Location

Ybycuí National Park, a protected area of Paraguay, is located in the department of Paraguarí, in the heart of the country. Its geographical coordinates are 26°05’44″S latitude and 56°50’19″W longitude. Administered by the Government of Paraguay, this natural treasure has been protected as a national park since May 16, 1973.

With an area of 5,000 hectares, Ybycuí hosts unparalleled richness in flora and fauna, becoming an invaluable refuge for Paraguayan biodiversity. Its trails wind through lush forests, crystalline waterfalls, and meandering streams, offering visitors a unique experience in contact with nature.

Since its establishment, Ybycuí National Park has been a favorite destination for ecotourism and adventure enthusiasts, providing opportunities for birdwatching, hiking, refreshing baths in its waterfalls, and exploration of fascinating caves. In addition to its ecological value, the park plays a crucial role in conserving Paraguayan ecosystems, protecting endangered species, and preserving natural beauty for future generations.

Biodiversity in the Park

Ybycuí National Park is a refuge for a wide variety of plant and animal species. From dense forests to crystalline rivers, the park harbors a vibrant ecosystem that is vital for biodiversity conservation in Paraguay.

Flora Species

The flora and fauna of Ybycuí National Park stand out for their diversity and beauty. Forests are the characteristic formation of the area, presenting several strata.

In the first stratum, species such as "kupa´y" (Capaifera langdorfii), "yvyra pyta" (Peltophorum dubium), "urundey pará" (Astronium fraxinifolium), "timbó" (Enterolobium conntorsiliquum), "tajy hu" (Tabebuia heptaphylla), and "tajy" (Tabebuia impetiginosa) are found. In the second stratum, there are "pindo" (Syogrus romanzzoffiana), "yvyra pepe" (Holocalyx balansae), "peterevy" (Cordia trichotoma), "Ka´a oveti" (Luehea divaricada), "yva poraity" (Myrciaria rivularis), "aguai" (Chrisophyllum gonacarpum), and secondary species such as "apirangy" (Cassearia silvestris). Additionally, gallery forests feature dominant species like "sangre de drago" (Croton urucuranna) and "ingá" (Inga uruguamili).

Fauna Species

There are 42 species of mammals, 129 birds, 18 reptiles, 26 amphibians, and 68 insects recorded. Among the endangered species are the broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirrostris), the giant tegu (Tupinambis spp), the coral snake (Micrurus frontalis), the jararaca snake (Bothrops spp), and the rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus).

Among the most characteristic mammals are the neotropical otter (Lutra longicaudis), the black-striped capuchin (Cebus apella), the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu), the red brocket deer (Mazama americana), the cougar (Puma concolor), armadillos, the coati (Nasua nasua), the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and the southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla).

Iconic and Endangered Species

Protecting endangered species is a priority in Ybycuí. The park is home to animals such as the jaguar, the tapir, and various endemic birds, whose conservation is essential for maintaining ecological balance.

Hydrography

Located in the middle basin of the Tebicuary River, an important tributary of the Paraguay River, and blessed with a network of permanent and intermittent streams that adorn its landscape with waterfalls, cascades, and natural pools. Among the main streams are the Corrientes, the Mina, and the Carai-Mi, which boast more than 15 waterfalls and 20 water sources along their course. These streams not only add scenic beauty to the park but also provide an important source of water supply, either through springs, streams, or wells scattered throughout the area.

Furthermore, Ybycuí is part of the Guarani Aquifer area, one of the largest reserves of freshwater in the world. Within this area, the park is specifically located in an area designated as "Potential Direct Recharge Area," where porous regimes or outcrops of the Guarani Aquifer are present. This makes it a place of great importance for groundwater recharge, significantly contributing to the availability of freshwater in the region.

Key Features and Importance of Ybycuí National Park

Ybycuí National Park protects valuable representative samples of the vegetation of the central jungle ecoregion, corresponding to the biogeographical province of the Brazilian river forest, according to the Udvarty classification.

To the north of the park rises the highest point, reaching 400 meters above sea level. This area offers a unique scenic beauty, characterized by its waterfalls, mountain ranges, rocky forests, natural pools, interpretive trails, natural viewpoints, and camping areas.

In the area, there are outcrops of rocks belonging to the Caacupé Mountain Range group, Paraguarí formations, Cerro Hú, and Tobati, composed of sedimentary sandstones formed approximately 400 million years ago during the Silurian period. On these rocks, soils develop with coarse textures, very sandy, and stony, except in low-lying areas, where deposits of fine sand and clay accumulate in fields and marshes. A unique system of rocky outcrops stands out with specific flora and fauna species that are not found in neighboring areas.

The importance of environmental protection in Ybycuí lies in the fact that it is the last refuge in the region that preserves habitats for wildlife of this type of ecosystem. Despite the pressure they face due to illegal hunting and habitat loss, the park still harbors numerous animal species, making it an area of great value for biodiversity conservation.

Natural Attractions

Waterfalls and Rivers

Ybycuí River

The Ybycuí River meanders through the park, offering visitors the opportunity to enjoy water activities and observe wildlife along its banks. Its crystal-clear waters and natural surroundings make it an ideal place to relax and connect with nature.

Corrientes Creek (Arroyo Corrientes)

The Corrientes Creek (in Spanish: Arroyo Corrientes) is another highlight of the place. Known for its numerous waterfalls and natural pools, this stream offers visitors the opportunity to enjoy scenic beauty and immerse themselves in refreshing waters in a stunning natural setting.

The waterfalls and rivers of the park are perfect for cooling off on a hot day. The scenic beauty of these crystal-clear waters attracts photographers and nature lovers from around the world.

Ybycuí Falls (Cascada del Salto Ybucuí)

Ybycuí Falls is one of the most impressive attractions in Ybycuí, Paraguay. This waterfall features a majestic cascade that falls into a natural pool, surrounded by lush vegetation. It’s an ideal place to enjoy natural beauty and cool off in its crystal-clear waters.

Guaraní Falls (Cascada del Salto Guaraní)

Guaraní Falls features an impressive waterfall that rises to about 12 meters in height. Nature enthusiasts have the opportunity to explore Ybycuí National Park and discover the natural charm surrounding each of its waterfalls. Access to the park involves a journey of more than two kilometers, from the entrance to the place where Guaraní Falls is located. During this journey, visitors can delight in the beauty of the surroundings, observe the diverse flora and fauna inhabiting the area, and immerse themselves in the peace and serenity of the park’s natural environment.

Monk Falls (Cascada del Salto Monje)

Located in a pristine jungle environment, Monk Falls boasts great natural beauty. Its access through natural trails makes it a popular destination for nature lovers and ecotourism enthusiasts.

Minas Falls (Cascada del Salto Minas)

Upon reaching the site, visitors have the opportunity to delight in the beauty of the waterfall and enjoy the refreshing natural pool, which is usually a popular bathing spot, especially during the summer season when there is a higher influx of people. However, even amid the pandemic, this destination remains an ideal choice for relaxation and connection with nature, offering a peaceful and serene environment to escape from everyday stress and concerns.

Hidden Falls (Cascada del Salto Escondido)

As visitors walk along the trail within Ybycuí National Park, they encounter Hidden Falls, an impressive waterfall with a drop of approximately 15 meters. This natural wonder is surrounded by lush vegetation characteristic of the area, which shelters and enhances its beauty. To reach the waterfall, hikers must walk along a trail for about 30 minutes, enjoying the natural surroundings and the serenity of the park along the way. Once there, they encounter this spectacular waterfall, which offers a stunning visual spectacle and an unforgettable experience in the midst of nature.

Mbocaruzú Falls (Cascada del Salto Mbocaruzú)

Mbocaruzú Falls is a beautiful waterfall within Ybycuí National Park, featuring a cascading waterfall approximately eight meters in height. Although not officially enabled by the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (Mades), it remains an impressive natural attraction for those seeking to explore the beauty of the park. Although lacking some amenities, its location within the park makes it an accessible destination for visitors. To reach Mbocaruzú Falls, access can be through the Mbokaja Pukú company, about 12 kilometers away. Access involves crossing the Corriente stream, adding a touch of adventure to the experience, before finally reaching this magnificent waterfall.

Crystal Falls (Cascada del Salto Cristal)

Crystal Falls is an impressive waterfall located on private property, which has become a very popular destination among tourists. It is especially frequented by those who enjoy extreme sports and seek thrills, such as rappelling or zip-lining from its heights. To reach Crystal Falls, access is through the La Colmena-Ybytymí access, entering approximately about 15 kilometers of the embankment road at the Ka’aty company diversion. This access allows visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of the surroundings while venturing towards this spectacular and exciting waterfall.

Trails and Viewpoints

Exploring the trails is the best way to appreciate the natural diversity of Ybycuí. Each trail offers a unique experience, with viewpoints providing unforgettable panoramic views.

Ybycuí Falls Trail

This trail leads visitors through lush landscapes to the impressive Ybycuí Falls. Along the way, hikers can enjoy the natural beauty of Ybycuí Park and observe the diverse flora and fauna that inhabit the area.

Guaraní Falls Trail

The Guaraní Falls Trail is an exciting adventure that leads visitors to this spectacular waterfall. As they explore the trail, hikers can marvel at the panoramic views and immerse themselves in the natural beauty of the surroundings.

Monk Falls Trail

Located amidst pristine jungle, the Monk Falls Trail offers an unforgettable hiking experience. Hikers can enjoy the tranquil and serene atmosphere as they make their way to this beautiful waterfall, surrounded by lush vegetation.

Ybycuí River Trail

The Ybycuí River Trail follows the course of the river through the park, providing visitors with the opportunity to explore the riverbanks and admire the diverse wildlife that inhabits the area. This trail is perfect for those who want to enjoy a relaxing walk by the water.

Corrientes Stream Trail

The Corrientes Stream Trail is ideal for nature lovers who want to explore the waterfalls and natural pools of this stream. Along the trail, visitors can marvel at the stunning views and immerse themselves in the refreshing waters of the stream.

Activities and Services

Hiking and Trail Exploration

The park invites visitors to immerse themselves in nature through hiking. Well-marked trails are accessible to adventurers of all levels.

Picnic Areas and Camping

Enjoying a picnic or camping under the stars are activities that enrich the experience in Ybycuí, allowing visitors to connect with nature directly.

Tour Guides and Environmental Education

Tour guides provide valuable information about the flora, fauna, and history of the park. Environmental education programs seek to raise awareness about the importance of conservation.

La Rosada Foundry

History and Cultural Significance

La Rosada, also known as Minas Cué due to its ancient mines, invites visitors to explore the ruins of an old iron foundry that was destroyed during the War of the Triple Alliance in 1869. At this historic site, visitors can appreciate iron pieces and tools left from the factory, as well as work elements used in iron production. Replicas of the famous "Christian cannon" can also be observed, manufactured in 1868 from iron and bronze from the bells of Paraguayan churches.

Access to La Rosada is free, providing visitors with the opportunity to explore this important historic site at no cost. This place offers a unique experience for those interested in history and archaeology, allowing immersion in the industrial and warlike past of the region.

What Remains Today: Ruins and Museum

The ruins and museum on the site offer a glimpse into the past, showcasing the smelting methods and the lives of the workers from that era.

Conservation and Sustainability

Conservation Efforts in the Park

Conservation efforts are crucial for preserving the natural richness of Ybycuí. This includes species protection, trail maintenance, and environmental education.

Sustainability Projects and Community Involvement

Community involvement in sustainability projects is essential for the park’s future. These projects aim to balance conservation with local development.

Visit Planning

Best Times to Visit

Visiting the park is ideal during the dry season, when the trails are more accessible, and the waterfalls display their splendor.

Visitor Recommendations

Proper preparation is key to an enjoyable experience. This includes bringing water, sunscreen, and suitable hiking attire.

Regulations and Safety Recommendations

It’s important to follow the park regulations and safety recommendations to protect both visitors and the ecosystem.

Accommodation and Dining

Options Inside and Near the Park

There are various accommodation and dining options for all budgets, from camping to more comfortable accommodations near the park.

Tips for a Comfortable and Safe Visit

Planning ahead ensures a comfortable and safe visit, allowing travelers to fully enjoy what Ybycuí National Park has to offer.

Impact on the Local Community

Socioeconomic and Cultural Features

Ybycuí National Park features a historic area that houses the reconstructed ruins of what was Paraguay and South America’s first iron foundry, known as La Rosada. This historic site represents an important cultural and economic heritage, showcasing the industrial history of the region.

It’s important to note that no indigenous communities have been recorded within the park area, highlighting the uniqueness of its sociocultural context. The absence of records of indigenous communities contributes to the understanding of the history and cultural diversity present in the region, focusing attention on other significant aspects of the park and its surroundings.

Benefits of Tourism in the Region

Tourism in Ybycuí boosts the local economy, creating employment opportunities and promoting conservation through education.

Local Initiatives and Crafts

Local initiatives, including the sale of handicrafts, are an important way for visitors to support the local community while taking home a memento of their visit.

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See Also

• Defensores del Chaco National Park.
• Visit Paraguay (Spanish).