Global National Parks

National Parks of the World: Tourism, Accommodation, Routes, and Guides

National Parks in the Philippines, Protected Areas, and Nature Reserves

The Philippines, an archipelago of over 7,000 islands, offers a diverse range of natural landscapes, from challenging mountains to crystal-clear waters. The national parks of the Philippines allow travelers to dive deep into the country’s natural and cultural beauty. Each park, reserve, and protected area holds its own history, unique ecosystem, and opportunities for unforgettable experiences in fascinating surroundings. With every journey we propose, you will discover a complete guide to each Philippine national park, including the best times to visit and other points of interest you shouldn’t miss on your next adventure.

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Information about the National Parks of the Philippines

National Parks of the Philippines

History of the Park Network

The network of national parks in the Philippines began to develop in the early 20th century, aiming to conserve the native flora and fauna. Today, the country boasts an extensive network of 559 protected areas covering a total of 45,762 km² of terrestrial territory, representing 15.32% of the country, as well as 21,269 km² of marine areas, accounting for 1.16% of its waters. These areas include natural parks, protected landscapes, forest reserves, marine sanctuaries, and fishing refuges, managed by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines.

Over the years, the number of national parks has grown significantly. In 2012, there were 35 areas designated as national parks, but by June 2018, this number had increased to 94. These parks are part of the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), which aims to conserve native plant and animal species, their habitats, and the cultural diversity associated with these regions.

Importance and Conservation

Efforts to protect biodiversity in the Philippines have led to the recognition of several areas as globally significant sites. The country is home to two UNESCO-recognized biosphere reserves, three World Heritage Sites, and seven Ramsar sites of international importance for wetlands. Additionally, BirdLife International has identified 117 Important Bird Areas (IBAs), covering a total of 32,300 km², and 10 Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs), protecting 258 endemic species.

The management and conservation of national parks and other protected areas are essential to preserving the country’s fragile ecosystems. The Philippines is considered one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, and protecting these areas ensures the survival of numerous endangered species and helps maintain ecological balance.

Geographical Distribution of National Parks

Map of Protected Areas in the Philippines

The national parks of the Philippines are spread across its main islands, including Luzon, Mindanao, and Palawan, among others. This geographical distribution allows exploration of various life forms and landscapes, from beaches and reefs to mountains and volcanoes. Each region offers something unique, enabling tourists to choose the park that best suits their interests and adventures.

Best Time to Visit the Parks of the Philippines

The best time to visit the national parks of the Philippines depends on the region where each park is located, but generally, the most recommended months are from November to May, when the weather is drier. During this season, it is easier to access remote areas and fully enjoy outdoor activities. During the rainy season, some trails may be closed or dangerous due to terrain conditions, especially in mountainous areas.

List of National Parks in the Philippines

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, located in Palawan, was declared in 1999 and covers 22,202 hectares (54,862.3 acres). This park is famous for its stunning underground river flowing within a limestone cave, making it a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the top tourist attractions in the Philippines.

Mount Pulag National Park

Mount Pulag National Park, established in 1987, spans 11,550 hectares (28,540.7 acres) across the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya in Luzon. Mount Pulag is the third highest peak in the Philippines and is renowned for its "sea of clouds," a natural phenomenon that attracts many hikers. In addition to its scenic beauty, the park is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna.

Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park

Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park, located in Occidental Mindoro, was created in 1969 and spans 75,455 hectares (186,453.4 acres), making it one of the largest protected areas in the country. It is famous for being the habitat of the critically endangered tamaraw, a species of buffalo, and its mountainous landscapes that offer opportunities for hiking and wildlife exploration.

Luneta National Park (Rizal Park)

Luneta National Park, also known as Rizal Park, is located in the heart of Metro Manila and covers 58 hectares (140 acres). Established in 1955, this park is a historically and culturally significant site, as it houses the Monument to José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. It is a popular spot for outdoor walks and public events.

Aurora Memorial National Park

Located in Aurora province on Luzon Island, Aurora Memorial National Park was established in 1937. Covering an area of 5,676 hectares (14,025.7 acres), this park commemorates the region’s history and biodiversity. It is situated in a mountainous area rich in native flora and offers a mix of forested landscapes and clear water sources.

Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park

Established in 1972 in Kalinga province, Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park covers an area of 1,338 hectares (3,306.3 acres) in the mountainous region of Luzon. This park is known for its dense tropical forest, which hosts rich biodiversity, including numerous endemic bird species and rare plants. It is a haven for ecotourism and hiking enthusiasts.

Bangan Hill National Park

With only 13.9 hectares (34.3 acres), Bangan Hill National Park, located in Nueva Vizcaya province, was declared in 1995. Although small, this park offers panoramic views and is a sacred site for locals. Its main attraction is the hill, ideal for short hikes and outdoor activities.

Bataan National Park

Bataan National Park, located in the province of the same name in Luzon, was established in 1945 and covers 23,688 hectares (58,534.3 acres). This park stands out for its historical and ecological importance, featuring a varied landscape that includes mountains, rivers, and tropical forests. It is a popular spot for hiking and birdwatching and is home to a rich array of native wildlife.

Biak-na-Bato National Park

Located in Bulacan province, Biak-na-Bato National Park was established in 1937 and spans 2,117 hectares (5,231.2 acres). Famous for its cave systems and rock formations, this park is also historically significant as it served as a refuge for Filipino revolutionaries during the fight for independence.

Bulabog Putian National Park

Bulabog Putian National Park is located in Iloilo province in the Visayas and was declared in 1961. Covering 854.33 hectares (2,111.1 acres), this park is known for its natural beauty and diverse flora. It is an ideal site for hiking and cave exploration.

Caramoan National Park

Caramoan National Park, in Camarines Sur province, was established in 1938 and covers an area of 347 hectares (857.5 acres). It is famous for its rugged coastline, white sand beaches, and striking rock formations, making it a popular destination for hikers and water sports enthusiasts.

Cassamata Hill National Park

Established in 1974, Cassamata Hill National Park is located in Abra province, Luzon, and covers 57 hectares (140.9 acres). Although small, this park offers spectacular views of the surrounding region and is a popular spot for locals seeking a peaceful nature walk.

Fuyot Springs National Park

Fuyot Springs National Park, located in Isabela province, was established in 1938 and covers 819 hectares (2,023.8 acres). Known for its natural hot springs and lush vegetation, this park is a relaxing destination for visitors who want to enjoy a natural environment. It also features trails that allow exploration of its water sources and wildlife.

Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park

Located in Cebu province in the Visayas region, Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park was declared in 1972. Spanning 57.5 hectares (142.1 acres), it is renowned for its natural hot springs that attract tourists and locals seeking a relaxing experience in a natural setting surrounded by mountains and lush vegetation.

Hundred Islands National Park

Established in 1940, Hundred Islands National Park is located in Pangasinan province, Luzon, and spans 1,676.3 hectares (4,142.2 acres). With over a hundred islands scattered across the turquoise waters of Lingayen Gulf, this park is a popular destination for kayaking, diving, and snorkeling.

Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park

In Leyte province, Visayas, Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park was declared in 1937 and covers 364 hectares (899.5 acres). Known for its densely forested mountains and tranquil lakes, this park offers hiking trails and is ideal for birdwatching and ecotourism.

Butig Lake National Park

Butig Lake National Park, located in Lanao del Sur province, Mindanao, covers 68 hectares (168 acres) and was established in 1965. This park is known for its serene lake surrounded by forested hills, where visitors can enjoy boating and explore the natural landscape.

Dapao Lake National Park

Dapao Lake National Park, also in Lanao del Sur, spans 1,500 hectares (3,706.6 acres) and was declared in 1965. This lake is one of the deepest in Mindanao and offers spectacular landscapes, making it an ideal destination for ecotourism and recreational fishing.

Libmanan Caves National Park

In Camarines Sur province, Luzon, Libmanan Caves National Park was established in 1934 and covers 19.4 hectares (47.9 acres). It is known for its extensive cave formations, providing an exciting experience for spelunkers and those interested in exploring underground systems.

MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park

Established in 1977 in Leyte province, MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park spans 6.78 hectares (16.8 acres). This park commemorates the historic landing of General Douglas MacArthur during World War II and is a site of great historical value, featuring monuments and statues that honor the liberation of the Philippines.

Mado Hot Springs National Park

Mado Hot Springs National Park, in Cotabato province, Mindanao, was established in 1939 and spans 48 hectares (118.6 acres). This park is known for its natural hot springs and mountainous landscape, offering a unique relaxation experience in a pristine natural setting.

Minalungao National Park

Located in Nueva Ecija province, Luzon, Minalungao National Park spans 2,018 hectares (4,986.6 acres) and was established in 1967. This park is famous for its stunning crystal-clear river surrounded by limestone rock formations. It is a popular destination for ecotourism, featuring activities such as hiking, rafting, and snorkeling in its clean waters.

Mount Arayat National Park

Mount Arayat National Park, in Pampanga province, Luzon, was declared in 1933 and spans 3,715.23 hectares (9,180.5 acres). This park encompasses the dormant Mount Arayat volcano and is a favorite destination for hikers seeking to enjoy its mountainous landscapes and rich biodiversity in tropical forests.

Mount Dajo National Park

Located in Sulu province, Mindanao, Mount Dajo National Park was declared in 1938 and spans 213.35 hectares (527.2 acres). This park is historically significant as the site of the Battle of Mount Dajo in 1906. Today, it is a natural destination offering hiking trails and stunning views of the surrounding areas.

Mount Data National Park

Established in 1936, Mount Data National Park spans 5,512 hectares (13,620.4 acres) across the provinces of Benguet and Mountain Province in Luzon. This park is renowned for its mountainous landscape and cool climate, making it an ideal destination for hikers and nature lovers. It is also culturally significant for indigenous communities such as the Ifugao and Kankanaey.

Naujan Lake National Park

Naujan Lake National Park, located in Oriental Mindoro, was established in 1956 and spans 21,655 hectares (53,510.7 acres). This lake is one of the largest freshwater bodies in the Philippines and serves as an important refuge for migratory birds, making it an attractive destination for birdwatching and recreational activities.

Heroes Hill National Park in Northern Luzon

Situated in Ilocos Sur province, Heroes Hill National Park was created in 1963 and spans 1,316 hectares (3,251.9 acres). This park holds great historical value, commemorating the struggles for Philippine independence. Its hills offer panoramic views, and it is a popular site among hikers and those seeking a serene environment.

Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park

Established in 1968, Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park covers 9.04 hectares (22.3 acres) in Zambales province, Luzon. This park is known for its proximity to the former naval base and serves as an important site for conserving natural areas around historical installations.

Pagsanjan Gorge National Park

Pagsanjan Gorge National Park, located in Laguna province, was established in 1939 and covers 152.64 hectares (377.2 acres). Famous for its stunning waterfalls and lush natural surroundings, it is a very popular destination for rafting and bamboo raft excursions along the river.

Pantuwaraya Lake National Park

Pantuwaraya Lake National Park, located in Lanao del Sur, was declared in 1965 and spans 20 hectares (49.4 acres). This tranquil lake surrounded by hills is an ideal spot for ecotourism, offering boating and birdwatching in a serene environment.

Paoay Lake National Park

Paoay Lake National Park, in Ilocos Norte, covers 340 hectares (840.2 acres) and was established in 1969. This park is known for its natural lake, offering picturesque scenery and recreational activities such as fishing and rowing. Its natural surroundings make it an attractive destination for visitors seeking tranquility.

Quezon Memorial National Park

Quezon Memorial National Park, located in Metro Manila, was created in 1975 and spans 22.7 hectares (56.1 acres). This park commemorates former President Manuel L. Quezon and is a popular spot for events and outdoor recreational activities in the city.

Rungkunan National Park

Rungkunan National Park, established in 1965 in Lanao del Sur, is a protected area of undetermined size. Known for its cultural and natural importance, this park offers a serene environment perfect for relaxation and exploring the local natural landscape.

Holy Mountain National Park

Established in 1965, Holy Mountain National Park covers 94 hectares (232.3 acres) in Lanao del Sur, Mindanao. This park is of great spiritual and cultural value to local communities, as well as a refuge for the region’s biodiversity.

Salikata National Park

Salikata National Park, located in Lanao del Sur, was established in 1965. Although its exact size is undetermined, the park is known for its mountainous landscapes and significance as a natural refuge. It is a tranquil destination for those seeking an intimate experience with nature.

Mount Isarog National Park

Located in Bicol, Mount Isarog is an inactive volcano surrounded by lush tropical rainforests. The area is rich in biodiversity, with numerous hidden waterfalls nestled within its dense forests, making it an ideal spot for adventurers.

Mount Kanlaon National Park

This park, located in Negros, is home to Mount Kanlaon, one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines. It is a popular destination for experienced hikers and those wishing to explore the diverse geological formations and wildlife surrounding the area.

Mount Apo Highlands National Park

In Mindanao, Mount Apo, the highest peak in the Philippines, dominates this national park. Known for its volcanic lakes and mountainous landscapes, it is an ideal site for hiking enthusiasts and birdwatchers, especially those interested in the critically endangered Philippine eagle.

Nature Reserves, Protected Areas, and Biosphere Reserves in the Philippines

Palawan Biosphere Reserve

Recognized as a UNESCO biosphere reserve, Palawan features landscapes ranging from dense forests to marine-rich coasts. Conserving its environment is crucial to preserving both its biodiversity and indigenous communities.

Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park

Located in Luzon, this reserve protects a vast stretch of tropical rainforest and is home to numerous endemic species. It is also key to protecting the region’s watershed areas.

Tubbataha Reef Protected Area

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Tubbataha Reef is one of the world’s premier diving destinations. Located in the Sulu Sea, it hosts one of the planet’s largest concentrations of marine life.

Malampaya Sound Protected Area

This protected area spans a vast marine and coastal region in Palawan, providing a sanctuary for dolphins, dugongs, and other marine species. Malampaya Sound is known as a crucial habitat for these creatures.

Batanes Hills Natural Park

The green hills of Batanes and their impressive cliffs overlooking the ocean offer a unique experience. This protected area is known for its tranquility and rolling grassland landscapes.

Bulusan Volcano Natural Park

In the Sorsogon region, this volcanic park is known for Lake Bulusan, its hot springs, and scenic trails. Bulusan is also a popular destination for ecotourism and birdwatching.

Ramsar Sites in the Philippines

Las Piñas–Parañaque Wetland Park

The Las Piñas–Parañaque Wetland Park (LPPCHEA) is a coastal wetland located in Manila Bay, spanning 175 hectares. This Ramsar site within Metro Manila consists of two islands covered with mangroves, narrow lagoons, and a coastline. LPPCHEA is home to around 47 migratory bird species, including the Chinese egret, as well as resident species like the Philippine duck and the black-winged stilt, making it a key area for avian biodiversity conservation.

Naujan Lake National Park

Naujan Lake National Park is one of the most important Ramsar sites in the Philippines, covering an area of 145.7 km². Located in Oriental Mindoro, this park is a crucial wetland for aquatic and migratory birds and a habitat for diverse plant and animal species. The lake provides an excellent setting for birdwatching, sustainable fishing, and other ecotourism activities.

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

This Ramsar site, also designated as a Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site, spans 222 km² on the island of Palawan. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park features a complex system of caves, mangroves, and humid tropical forest. The freshwater wetland is home to more than 800 plant species and 233 animal species, including the Palawan peacock-pheasant and the hawksbill turtle. Notable highlights include the 8.2 km Cabayugan River, which flows underground among stalactite and stalagmite formations, making it a spectacular ecotourism destination.

Negros Occidental Coastal Wetlands Conservation Area (NOCWCA)

The Negros Occidental Coastal Wetlands Conservation Area spans 896 km² in Negros Occidental province. This extensive area covers 110 km of coastline and includes mangroves and intertidal wetlands. The site is home to three species of sea turtles, including the hawksbill and green turtles, as well as migratory birds such as the great knot and the Siberian curlew. The mangroves in this area also sustain rich marine life, including oysters, shrimp, and crabs.

Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary

The Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary covers 58 km² and is one of the most important wetlands for migratory birds in the Philippines. Located in Central Visayas, this Ramsar site is a key stopover for birds migrating from Siberia, China, and Japan. The sanctuary is vital for the conservation of several endangered species and offers a unique opportunity for birdwatching and responsible ecotourism.

Tubbataha Reefs Marine Park

Tubbataha Reefs Marine Park, a Ramsar site and World Heritage Site, spans 968 km². This marine ecosystem, located in the Sulu Sea, is one of the most biodiverse reefs in the world, home to sea turtles, sharks, and a wide variety of coral species. Tubbataha is a premier diving destination where some of the rarest and most endangered marine species can be observed.

Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary

The Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary in Mindanao covers 148 km² and is one of the largest wetlands in the country. This Ramsar site is a critical freshwater biodiversity ecosystem, providing refuge to waterbirds, fish, and mammals. The marsh also plays a vital role in flood mitigation and serves as a water source for local communities. It offers exceptional opportunities for wildlife-focused ecotourism.

Other Points of Interest in the Philippines

Pamitinan Cave Natural Monument

These caves, located in Rizal province, are a significant historical and natural site. Besides being a symbol of Filipino resistance, the caves also provide a fascinating caving experience for adventurers.

Coral Sea Protected Area

The Coral Sea is an excellent spot for observing marine species and a haven for diving enthusiasts. This vast ecosystem is home to corals, sea turtles, and a variety of tropical fish.

Apo Reef Protected Area

This reef is one of the most important marine conservation sites in the Philippines. Divers from around the world visit Apo to admire its underwater biodiversity.

Verde Island Passage Protected Area

Situated near Batangas, this small island hosts one of the richest marine ecosystems on the planet, considered a biodiversity hotspot. Verde Island is ideal for diving and snorkeling.

Isla de Gigantes Protected Area

This group of islands in Iloilo province is known for its white sand beaches, rock formations, and crystal-clear waters. It is an emerging destination for those seeking a quieter experience away from tourist hotspots.

Chocolate Hills

Located on Bohol Island, the Chocolate Hills are one of the most unique landscapes in the country. This park is famous for its more than 1,200 hills that turn brown during the dry season, creating a unique landscape that seems otherworldly.

Mount Kitanglad

With its rugged terrain and rich biodiversity, Mount Kitanglad in Mindanao is a haven for many endemic species. It is popular among hikers seeking challenges and naturalists interested in the region’s wildlife.

Recommended parks: National Parks of Asia.

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